Aero-assisted orbital transfer maneuver in atmosphere is the key technology to obtain a significant fuel savings and the resulting increased payload capabilities for space transportation. Therefore, achieving better aerodynamic performance of aero-assisted orbital transfer vehicle (AOTV) guarantees better orbital maneuverability. In this paper, the design activities for AOTV focus on the optimization and comprehensive performance analysis for the aerodynamic configuration of vehicle. A wing-body-type configuration is proposed for the disciplinary modeling. Corresponding geometrical parameterization is performed to provide quantitative design variables which can map the aerodynamic configuration and sensitivity analysis is completed aiming at filtering design variables for the optimization. Taking aerodynamic performance as objective functions, the AOTV configuration optimization with surrogate model is performed using an engineering-based rapid performance analysis approach. Compared with initial configuration, the obtained optimal configuration brings about better aerodynamic performance which results in a 21.3% increase in the lift-to-drag ratio and a 18.5% increase in the lift term. Meanwhile, the multidisciplinary design analysis for the optimal configuration is carried out to evaluate the comprehensive performance including aerodynamics, aerothermodynamics, and static stability of the vehicle rapidly in the process of aero-assisted orbital transfer missions. The results indicate that the design activities in this paper can provide a certain reference for the evolutionary configuration design of AOTV in the conceptual design phase.