System for Nature-inspired Signal Processing: Principles and Practice

Abstract

This paper establishes the foundational principles and practice for a unified theory of arbitrary information management by disclosing systems, devices and methods for the management of substrates or biological substrates. In this context, a substrate is any aspect of any entity that is capable of responding to or emitting stimuli irrespective of whether the stimuli actually emanate from any aspect of the entity or not. Management of substrates could be achieved through the management of stimuli that modulate or moderate or influence any aspect of the substrate as well as through the management of any stimuli emanating from the substrate. The results enable a wide range of novel applications in a variety of fields with far-reaching implications. For example, the functional organization of many regions of the brain including the superior temporal cortex which is believed to play a critical role in the hierarchical processing of human visual and auditory stimuli is poorly understood. It is not known precisely which layer within which region of the brain is responsible for which aspect of visual or auditory processing. Simultaneous non-invasive acquisition of bio-signals representing contributions from multiple layers of neuronal populations within the brain could provide new insights leading to the resolution of many of these outstanding issues and provide a deeper understanding of the underlying physiological processes.

A Novel Three-dimensional Multilayer Electroencephalography Paradigm

“…Recent work by Zhang et al 24 permits the direct imaging of signals propagating through myelinated axons and demonstrates conclusively that electrical signals propagate through different neurons at finite, measurable and disparate speeds and consequently are likely to be detected at different layers of neuronal populations at different times. This is direct confirmation of PREDICTION I made by Ekpar 22,23 on the basis of our framework and reproduced here with an expanded description of the distribution of signals.…”

“…Zhang et al 24 recently demonstrated the direct imaging of signals propagating through myelinated axons while Seeber et al 25 provided direct evidence that scalp EEG recordings can detect subcortical electrophysiological activity. These results confirm the correctness of the principles underpinning the conceptual framework on which our work is based and confirm all three related predictions reported by Ekpar 22,23 with far-reaching implications.…”

“…The rest of this paper is organized as follows. Section 2 presents our conceptual framework, showing how it enables multilayer 3D EEG and explaining how recent results obtained by Zhang et al 24 and Seeber et al 25 confirm the correctness of the principles underpinning the conceptual framework on which our work is based and confirm all three related predictions by Ekpar 22,23 . Materials and Methods are described in Section 3 while Hypotheses and Experiments to test the hypotheses appear in Section 4.…”

“…It is a goal of the work presented here to establish a novel 3D Multilayer EEG paradigm by formulating the null and alternative hypotheses for simultaneous multilayer EEG signal capture and relying on the results of analysis of a set of carefully designed experimental measurements to falsify the null hypothesis and validate the alternative hypothesis. This work also suggests a pathway towards full-fledged and effective brain-to-brain communication based on research on nature-inspired signal processing by Ekpar 22,23 .…”

“…Furthermore, contemporary EEG systems do not provide a viable pathway to viable brain-to-brain communication, which as mentioned earlier could permit us to communicate and collaborate more effectively, resolve conflicts, create more peaceful societies, control our environment via thought and gain unique insights into the workings of the human mindleading to a wide range of remedies for brain communication-related problems. Ekpar 23 recently introduced a nature-inspired signal processing system that when adapted to EEG sensor ensembles, permits the simultaneous capture of distinct EEG brainwave signals from neuronal populations located at different depths within the brain thus enabling 3D multilayer EEG systems. Combined with robust signal processing, pattern recognition and artificial intelligence techniques, we now have a system with a clear pathway towards more robust and practical BCIs, computer-mediated brain-to-brain communication, clearer insights into the workings of the brain and mind, clinical applications, and so on.…”