System Frequency Support Through Multi-Terminal DC (MTDC) Grids

Chaudhuri, Nilanjan Ray; Majumder, Ritwik; Chaudhuri, Balarko

doi:10.1109/tpwrs.2012.2196805

Cited by 175 publications

(107 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…A weighted frequency scheme was proposed to restore correct operation of wind turbine frequency response during multiple power imbalances on different AC grids, but this required fast telecommunications between VSCs [5]. The authors in [17], [18] proposed a communication-free dual controller, which combines a frequency versus power droop with the DC voltage droop fitted on onshore VSCs of MTDC systems. Interactions between the direct voltage droop and frequency droop of the dual controller was investigated in [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast Frequency Response From Offshore Multiterminal VSC–HVDC Schemes

Adeuyi

Cheah-Mañé

Liang

et al. 2017

IEEE Trans. Power Delivery

114

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This paper analyzes the frequency support characteristics of multiterminal voltage source converter HVdc (VSC-HVdc) (MTDC) schemes using the energy transferred from wind turbine rotating mass and other ac systems. An alternative coordinated control (ACC) scheme that gives priority to a frequency versus active power droop fitted to onshore VSCs is proposed to: transfer wind turbine recovery power to undisturbed ac grids, and allow correct control operation of MTDC systems during multiple power imbalances on different ac grids. The fast frequency response capability of MTDC systems equipped with the proposed ACC scheme is compared against a coordinated control scheme, which uses a frequency versus dc voltage droop. The frequency control schemes are demonstrated on an experimental test rig, which represents a three-terminal HVdc system. Also, the MTDC frequency support capability when wind farms do not provide extra power is tested using a four-terminal HVdc system. Index Terms-Frequency control, hardware-in-the-loop simulation, inertial response, multi-terminal VSC-HVDC (MTDC) transmission, offshore wind farm.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast Frequency Response From Offshore Multiterminal VSC–HVDC Schemes

Adeuyi

Cheah-Mañé

Liang

et al. 2017

IEEE Trans. Power Delivery

114

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“…The phase angle θ of Urec_abc is the integration of ωrec. The relationship among Udc, Pac and ωrec is mentioned in (9). The modulation ratio m, which decides the amplitude of Urec_abc, is utilized to control the reactive power.…”

Section: Inertia Support From Wind Farmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the cost and reliability of long-distance communication are the main challenges for this method. Therefore, a communicationless strategy is preferred and has been proposed in [7]- [9], where the extra P-f droop control is attached to the conventional P-Udc droop control in MTDC grids. Based on the P-f and P-Udc droop controls of the MTDC system, AC power systems of different terminals can sense frequency variations occurred in one of the AC systems and provide frequency support.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Autonomous Synchronizing and Frequency Response Control of Multi-terminal DC Systems With Wind Farm Integration

Yang

Shi

Cai

et al. 2020

IEEE Trans. Sustain. Energy

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Recent analyses have shown that the grid-integration of offshore wind farms through MTDC systems has brought low inertia and small-signal stability issues, in which the dynamics of phase-locked-loop (PLL) play a crucial role. To address this issue, this paper proposes a control strategy for the multi-terminal VSCs aiming at PLL-less synchronization and autonomous frequency response of the MTDC system. One of the significant features of the proposed control is that the deviation of the grid frequency can be instantaneously reflected on the deviation of the DC voltage without ancillary control. Based on this feature, a fast inertia response and primary frequency regulation among wind farms and AC systems interconnected by the MTDC system can be achieved. A small-signal model is established to evaluate the overall system stability using the proposed control. Finally, comparative studies of this proposed control with the conventional PLL-based vector control are conducted in PSCAD/EMTDC based on a practical MTDC system in China, the Zhangbei fourterminal HVDC transmission system. The analysis shows that the proposed control exhibits advantages in weak grid operation and autonomous frequency response.Index Terms-frequency response, weak grid, wind farms, inertia, MMC MTDC, small signal stability analysis NOMENCLATURE Ceq Equivalent DC capacitance Udc DC voltage Udc_nom Nominal DC voltage Pdc DC side active power of receiving end converter (REC) Pac AC side active power of the REC Qac AC side reactive power of the REC Urec AC voltage of REC ωrec AC frequency of REC ωnom Nominal frequency J Moment of inertia ωm Rotor speed of synchronous generator (SG) Pm Mechanical power input of SG ωe AC frequency of SG Pe Active power output of SG

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“…Advanced control extensions with distributed DC voltage control were developed in [10], and a supplementary decentralized control structure to damp interarea oscillations was proposed in [11]. Frequency support function for the surrounding interconnected AC systems and adaptive droop control for effective power sharing through MTDC system were presented and well analyzed in [12], [13]. Electromechanical transient modelling of MMC MTDC was studied in [14] to provide the theoretical foundation for future MMC MTDC applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wind farm generators were considered and a method to calculate converter controller gains was provided. In [12], an adaptive frequency droop control was proposed by investigating the sensitivity of eigenvalues with respect to different droop coefficients, control parameters and changes in operating conditions. In [13], small-signal stability analysis was used for the design of an adaptive droop control scheme.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small-Signal Stability Analysis of the Interactions Between Voltage Source Converters and DC Current Flow Controllers

Guan¹,

Deng

Xue

et al. 2020

IEEE Open J. Power Energy

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System Frequency Support Through Multi-Terminal DC (MTDC) Grids

Cited by 175 publications

References 13 publications

Fast Frequency Response From Offshore Multiterminal VSC–HVDC Schemes

Fast Frequency Response From Offshore Multiterminal VSC–HVDC Schemes

Autonomous Synchronizing and Frequency Response Control of Multi-terminal DC Systems With Wind Farm Integration

Small-Signal Stability Analysis of the Interactions Between Voltage Source Converters and DC Current Flow Controllers

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