System peaks in liquid chromatography:  their relation to the adsorption isotherm

Levin, Shulamit; Grushka, Eli

doi:10.1021/ac00135a019

Cited by 61 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Some useful information about the processes in the chromatographic column can be obtained by careful choice of the injected sample. For readers needing a deeper understanding of system peak theory, papers by Schill and coworkers [22 -26], Knox and Kaliszan [27], and Levin, Grushka, and Abu-Lafi [1,3,4,28] can be recommended.…”

Section: Origin Of the System Peaksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Levin and Grushka [3,4] studied system peaks in a reversed phase chromatographic system consisting of a typical column and an aqueous mobile phase containing acetate buffer, copper acetate, and alkylsulfonates as the mobile phase additives. Four system peaks appeared in this chromatographic system when pure water was injected as shown in Fig.…”

Section: Origin Of the System Peaksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With a mobile phase, in which one or more components are adsorbed on the stationary phase, injection of a sample differing in composition from the mobile phase causes a system peak or peaks. As mentioned above, system peaks can be employed for calculation of the retention factors and the column void volume [1,4]. It has also been shown that the adsorption isotherm of any mobile phase component can be measured through the system peaks [1,3,4,28].…”

Section: Relation Of the System Peaks To Adsorption Isothermsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These peaks originate from the chromatographic system itself and are caused by interactions of the mobile and stationary phases. The main theoretical description of the system peaks has been published by Schill and co-workers [22 -26], Knox and Kaliszan [27], and Levin, Grushka, and Abu-Lafi [1,3,4,28]. Applications of system peaks for determination of adsorption isotherms, calculation of column void volumes and retention factors, use of indirect detection, and many other exploitations are described in this paper.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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System peaks and their positive and negative aspects in chromatographic techniques

Srbek

Coufal²,

Bosáková

et al. 2005

J of Separation Science

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Whenever a mobile phase contains more than one component, additional signals commonly called system peaks can appear. The origin of these signals is explained through loss of equilibrium in the separation column caused by injection of analyte dissolved in a different solvent than the mobile phase. The system peaks are then generated by a relaxation process started by the non-equilibrium state. An overview of the theory and applications of the system peaks in separation methods, mainly in liquid chromatography, is presented in this paper. Only a brief theoretical discussion of the system peak origin is given as the theoretical aspects of system peak formation have already been published in many papers. The main focus of this review is to summarize applications, in which system peaks were used to measure physical or physicochemical data. Signals of system peaks are often misinterpreted but they offer valuable information about thermodynamics and kinetics of the separation process that takes place in chromatographic column.

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Section: Origin Of the System Peaksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Origin Of the System Peaksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Relation Of the System Peaks To Adsorption Isothermsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

System peaks and their positive and negative aspects in chromatographic techniques

Srbek

Coufal²,

Bosáková

et al. 2005

J of Separation Science

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“…A competing modifier is sometimes added in the mobile phase to compete with sample components for binding sites in order to reduce their retention times (Snyder et al, 1988). The peaks corresponding to the concentration profile of the modifier in a chromatogram are often referred to as system peaks (Levin and Grushka, 1987). Figure 10 illustrates this concept, where component 3 is the modifier in the mobile phase.…”

Section: More Component(s)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Displacement effect in multicomponent chromatography

Tsao

Tsai

et al. 1990

AIChE Journal

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The study of interference effects is of fundamental importance in understanding multicomponent chromatography. In this work, a displacement effect is examined and shown to be able to explain the dominating interference effects in three major modes of chromatography-frontal, elution, and displacement-involving competitive isotherms. It is concluded that the concentration profile of a component usually becomes sharper due to the displacement effect from another component, while the concentration front of the displacer is usually diffused. Five factors that escalate the displacement effect in multicomponent elution were investigated. A binary elution with a competing modifier in the mobile phase was also discussed. This study was carried out using computer simulations based on a general nonlinear multicomponent rate equation model that considers axial dispersion, external mass transfer, intraparticle diffusion, and Langmuir isotherms. The use of the general model helps the visualization of the multicomponent interactions in chromatography under mass transfer conditions.

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Ion‐Exchange Chromatography (HPIC)

Weiß¹

1994

Ion Chromatography

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System peaks in liquid chromatography: their relation to the adsorption isotherm

Cited by 61 publications

References 48 publications

System peaks and their positive and negative aspects in chromatographic techniques

System peaks and their positive and negative aspects in chromatographic techniques

Displacement effect in multicomponent chromatography

Ion‐Exchange Chromatography (HPIC)

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