“…1 has been used as a test power system. This is a 17-bus system for ski area which has been described in [28]. It contains 8 buses which supply ski lifts powered by DC motors driven by six-pulse line-commutated adjustable speed drives (ASD).…”
Section: Active Power Filters -Optimization Of Sizing and Placementmentioning
Abstract. The significant problem of compensator placement and sizing in electrical networks has been analyzed in the paper. The compensation is usually realized by means of passive or active power filters. The former solution is widely used mainly because of the economical reasons, but the latter one becomes more and more popular as the number of nonlinear loads increases. Regardless of the compensator type the most important goal consists in voltage and current distortion drop below levels imposed by standards. Nevertheless, the desired effects should be achieved with the minimum cost. So far a few objective functions have been proposed for this optimization problem. It is claimed that minimization of the compensator currents leads also to the minimum costs. This paper shows that such simplified approach could lead to suboptimal solutions and in fact a function g(·) reflecting the relation between the compensator size and its price must be incorporated into objective functions. Moreover, in this case it is very easy to compare solutions obtained using compensators offered by different suppliers -it is enough to change the function g(·). Theoretical considerations have been illustrated by an example of active power filter allocation and sizing.
“…1 has been used as a test power system. This is a 17-bus system for ski area which has been described in [28]. It contains 8 buses which supply ski lifts powered by DC motors driven by six-pulse line-commutated adjustable speed drives (ASD).…”
Section: Active Power Filters -Optimization Of Sizing and Placementmentioning
Abstract. The significant problem of compensator placement and sizing in electrical networks has been analyzed in the paper. The compensation is usually realized by means of passive or active power filters. The former solution is widely used mainly because of the economical reasons, but the latter one becomes more and more popular as the number of nonlinear loads increases. Regardless of the compensator type the most important goal consists in voltage and current distortion drop below levels imposed by standards. Nevertheless, the desired effects should be achieved with the minimum cost. So far a few objective functions have been proposed for this optimization problem. It is claimed that minimization of the compensator currents leads also to the minimum costs. This paper shows that such simplified approach could lead to suboptimal solutions and in fact a function g(·) reflecting the relation between the compensator size and its price must be incorporated into objective functions. Moreover, in this case it is very easy to compare solutions obtained using compensators offered by different suppliers -it is enough to change the function g(·). Theoretical considerations have been illustrated by an example of active power filter allocation and sizing.
“…It is highly likely that multiple subcontractors will be employee by the prime contractor. Prudent management of these subcontracts is critical to the success of the systems integration program (Grady 1994(Grady , 2010). …”
Section: System Engineering Integration Roles For Subcontract Managementmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Some of the more important activities that must be accomplished include the following (Grady 1994(Grady , 2010 The corporation must be able to demonstrate that it has gone about its business in a legal, objective, unbiased fashion. In large procurements it is often the case that outside contractors will be let for validation and verification and to develop and administer an audit trail relative to the prime contractor.…”
Section: System Engineering Integration Roles For Subcontract Managementmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This is fundamentally an untenable situation, since by this point in a program, investments of resources and personnel have been made, designs have been developed, a n d i t i s m u c h t o o l a t e t o a c h i e v e a n economical and efficient recovery without significant rework. This impact and ripple effect due to program elements at risk becomes known only after discovery of the nature and character of risk, thus jeopardizing the entire development program (Grady, 1994(Grady, , 2010.…”
Section: Potential Conflicts and Resolution Procedures At The Validamentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In the real world, the technical team deals with contractors and subcontractors that are motivated by profit, subcontracts with missing or faulty requirements, and resources that are consumed more quickly than expected (Grady 1994(Grady , 2010. These and other factors cause or influence two key issues in subcontracting:…”
Section: Issues Related With Subcontractor Arrangementsmentioning
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.