System-wide repercussions of damage to the immature visual cortex

Payne, Bertram R.; Cornwell, Paul

doi:10.1016/0166-2236(94)90122-8

Cited by 49 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…It is therefore likely that the residual visual behavior observed in the present study is largely because of the remnant tectofugal pathways and particularly those that project to extrastriate visual areas, namely the tecto-pulvinar-extrastriate and tecto-geniculate-extrastriate pathways. Moreover, the wealth of evidence from studies of the cat visual system suggests that after visual cortical lesions in infancy, these pathways are stabilized after damage to the geniculostriate pathway and are thus more extensive in maturity (32,33). Our previous demonstration of greater residual vision after early damage (10), together with the present results, suggests that the visual system that remains after an early lesion differs extensively from that remaining after a lesion in adulthood.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Direction of motion discrimination after early lesions of striate cortex (V1) of the macaque monkey

Moore

Rodman²,

Gross³

2000

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Previous studies have established that humans and monkeys with damage to striate cortex are able to detect and localize bright targets within the resultant scotoma. Electrophysiological evidence in monkeys suggests that residual vision also might include sensitivity to direction of visual motion. We tested whether macaque monkeys with longstanding lesions of striate cortex (V1), sustained in infancy, could discriminate visual stimuli on the basis of direction of motion. Three monkeys with unilateral striate cortex lesions sustained in infancy were tested 2-5 years postlesion on a direction of motion discrimination task. Each monkey was trained to make saccadic eye movements to a field of moving dots or to withhold such eye movements, depending on the direction of motion in a coherent random dot display. With smaller motion displays, monkeys were unable to detect or discriminate motion within the scotoma, although they could discriminate moving from static stimuli. Yet, each monkey was able to discriminate direction of motion when the motion stimulus was larger, but still confined to the scotoma. The results demonstrate that the recovery after infant damage to striate cortex includes some sensitivity to direction of visual motion.motion perception ͉ recovery of function ͉ blindsight ͉ saccadic eye movements H umans and monkeys with damage to V1 retain or recover the ability to detect and localize visual targets within the scotoma (1-6). In both species, the vision that survives V1 damage often depends on the mode of testing, typically requiring forced-choice or similar paradigms (6-8), and there is considerable variability in the extent and nature of the residual vision, particularly in humans. One factor that may contribute to the variability in the extent of residual vision observed across subjects with V1 damage is the age at which the lesion is sustained (9). We previously have shown that monkeys with lesions of V1 in infancy demonstrate greater residual vision than their adult-lesion counterparts, as measured by their ability to detect and localize visual stimuli within the scotoma (10). The residual vision after lesions in infancy is robust and does not depend on the type of testing paradigm as it does after adult lesions (11). Other studies in this laboratory have found that many neurons within extrastriate area MT retain their selectivity for the direction of a moving bar in the absence of V1 input (12), suggesting that destriate vision might include some residual motion sensitivity. In the present study, we trained monkeys with longstanding unilateral lesions of V1 on a direction of motion discrimination task and then tested them both inside and outside of the scotoma. Our results indicate that some ability to discriminate direction of motion survives lesions of V1 in monkeys, at least when the damage is sustained early in life. MethodsSubjects. Three female Macaca fascicularis monkeys, weighing between 2 and 5 kg, were used as subjects. Each monkey had received large or total unilateral lesions of stria...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Direction of motion discrimination after early lesions of striate cortex (V1) of the macaque monkey

Moore

Rodman²,

Gross³

2000

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…This reorganization has been suggested to mediate functional sparing (Payne, 1999). A recent human fMRI study (Baseler et (Ptito et al, 1999).…”

Section: Eegmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Consequently, this area maintains properties that are normally dependent on the input from area 17 or even acquires area 17-like properties (reviewed by Tong, 1988;Payne & Cornwell, 1994;Payne, 1999), albeit with some limits (Guido et al, 1992). This reorganization has been suggested to mediate functional sparing (Payne, 1999).…”

Section: Eegmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vision After Early-Onset Lesions of the Occipital Cortex:II. Physiological Studies

et al. 2002

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“…1). Such a network causes system-wide repercussions of local disturbances in the developing brain (Payne 1999). In addition it was pointed out that the network is intrinsically undetermined, i.e., the outcome of neural development cannot be predicted solely from the interaction of genes and environment (Clarke 2012).…”

Section: Genes Brains and Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural computing: the metaphorical, cultural roots of brain models

Innocenti

2013

Cult. Brain

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Models of the brain offer a paradigmatic example of the interaction between science and culture, in history. The brain is currently seen as a machine, more specifically as a computational device. The attempt to model brain on machines has a long tradition in Western culture stemming from the mechanistic culture of the seventeenth century. While brain operations can be viewed as computational in nature, both the design and the properties of the brain deviate radically from those of man-made computers. This might be why brains, unlike computers, are capable of moral and esthetic judgment and of experiencing joy and sorrow, friendship and love and other human values.

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System-wide repercussions of damage to the immature visual cortex

Cited by 49 publications

References 57 publications

Direction of motion discrimination after early lesions of striate cortex (V1) of the macaque monkey

Direction of motion discrimination after early lesions of striate cortex (V1) of the macaque monkey

Vision After Early-Onset Lesions of the Occipital Cortex:II. Physiological Studies

Neural computing: the metaphorical, cultural roots of brain models

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