Systematic behavioural observation of executive performance after brain injury

Abstract

In this initial trial of a novel assessment method, adequate inter-rater reliability was found. The measure was associated with standard neuropsychological measures, and our healthy control group performed better than the TBI group. The measure appears to be an ecologically valid measure of executive functioning.

Measurement properties of performance-based instruments to assess mental function during activity and participation in traumatic brain injury: A systematic review

“…Study characteristics are described in Table 1. Of the 28 articles included in the review, 16 were from the USA [32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47], four from Australia [48][49][50][51] and one from UK [52], Brazil [53], Canada [54], New Zealand [55], Chile [56], Netherlands [57], Italy [58] and Spain [59], respectively. Sample sizes varied in the included studies from 2 [48] to 8,136 [39] participants and ages ranged from 14 to 86 years [47].…”

“…In total 24 instruments were evaluated in the 28 included articles. The instruments were the Baycrest Multiple Errands Test (BMET) [32], the Behavioural Dysregulation Rating Scale (BDRS) [33], a cognitive test battery [57], Disability Rating scale (DRS) [34,35], the Executive Function Route-finding Task (EFRT) [36], the Functional Assessment Measurement (FAM) [58], the Functional Cognition Index (FCI) [37], the Functional Cognitive task (FCT) [38], the FIM [39], a combination of FIM þ FAM [52], the Test of Functional Executive Abilities (TOFEA) [40], the Hotel Task [53], Levels of Cognitive Functioning Scale (LCFS) [59], the Mayo-Portland Adaptability Inventory-4 (MPAI-4) [41,42], the Measure of Executive Functioning [55], the Neurobehavioural Cognitive Status Examination (NCSE) [43,47], the Neuropsychological Assessment Battery daily living tests (NAB-DL) [44], an Occupation-based Online Awareness Assessment [48], the PRPP [49], the Screen-Based Simulated Cup Of Tea (SBS-COT) [56], the Virtual Library Task (VLT) [50], the Virtual Planning Test (VIP) [45], a Virtual Reality Kitchen Task [46] and the Virtual Reality Shopping Task (VRST) [51].…”

Assessment of cognitive instrumental activities of daily living: a systematic review

“…For example, when participants with mild cognitive impairment performed IADLs, they made more substitution than omission mistakes when they were interrupted [82,114]. Such assessments provide information about what spontaneous strategies patients use, whether such strategies are useful, what type of information they learn with greater ease and what kind of support will benefit them the most in real life [115].…”

“…So far, the use of various assessment tasks has been done mainly experimentally and few of the tests available have been the subject of studies with clinical validity reporting effect sizes [115]. One of the challenges of such evaluation systems is expanding them to make them appropriate for the entire population and available to clinicians in order to facilitate and improve the evaluation of IADLs.…”