Systematic Bioinformatics Analysis Based on Public and Second-Generation Sequencing Transcriptome Data: A Study on the Diagnostic Value and Potential Mechanisms of Immune-Related Genes in Acute Myocardial Infarction

Abstract

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is one of the most serious cardiovascular diseases worldwide. Advances in genomics have provided new ideas for the development of novel molecular biomarkers of potential clinical value for AMI.MethodsBased on microarray data from a public database, differential analysis and functional enrichment analysis were performed to identify aberrantly expressed genes in AMI and their potential functions. CIBERSORT was used for immune landscape analysis. We also obtained whole blood samples of 3 patients with AMI and performed second-generation sequencing (SGS) analysis. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and cross-tabulation analysis identified AMI-related key genes. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to assess the diagnostic power of key genes. Single-gene gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) revealed the molecular mechanisms of diagnostic indicators.ResultsA total of 53 AMI-related DEGs from a public database were obtained and found to be involved in immune cell activation, immune response regulation, and cardiac developmental processes. CIBERSORT confirmed that the immune microenvironment was altered between AMI and normal samples. A total of 77 hub genes were identified by WGCNA, and 754 DEGs were obtained from own SGS data. Seven diagnostic indicators of AMI were obtained, namely GZMA, NKG7, TBX21, TGFBR3, SMAD7, KLRC4, and KLRD1. The single-gene GSEA suggested that the diagnostic indicators seemed to be closely implicated in cell cycle, immune response, cardiac developmental, and functional regulatory processes.ConclusionThe present study provides new diagnostic indicators for AMI and further confirms the feasibility of the results of genome-wide gene expression analysis.

Identification of Oxidative Stress-Related Biomarkers in Acute Myocardial Infarction

“…A recent study found that expression of let-7 was significantly downregulated after MI, targeting TGFBR3 through the activation of the p38 MAPK pathway. 11 The let-7-TGFBR3-p38 MAPK signaling may play a significant role in cardiomyocyte apoptosis post-MI, making TGFBR3 a potential therapeutic target and biomarker for MI. A study revealed that S100A12, 12 enriched in the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, NF-κB signaling pathway, and inflammatory response pathway, is associated with the onset and progression of AMI.…”

An integrated signature of clinical metrics and immune-related genes as a prognostic indicator for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patient survival

“…Innate immune cells and their cytokines not only contribute to the immediate response to myocardial injury but also influence subsequent healing and remodeling processes [ 7 ]. Recent studies have highlighted IRGs as potential biomarkers for early AMI diagnosis and outcome prediction [ [8] , [9] , [10] ]. However, a knowledge gap persists regarding the intricate relationship between these IRGs and clinical outcomes in STEMI patients.…”