Systematic characterisation of the effective components of five Callicarpa species with UPLC-Q-TOF-MS and evaluation of their anti-hyperuricaemic activity

Abstract

Callicarpa kwangtungenis (C. Kw), C. macroph ylla (C. Ma), C. nudiflora (C. Nu), C. formosana (C. Fo), and C. kochiana (C. Ko) were medicinal plant resource in China. The aim of this study is to fully identify the chemical components, explore the similarities and differences, as well as evaluate the anti-hyperuricemia effects of these five Callicarpa leaves extracts. The UPLC/Q-TOF-MS analysis was performed and 151 compounds were identified. PCA suggested that there exist large metabolite differences between these five callicarpa species extracts. Meanwhile, metabolic profiles of C. Nu, C. Ko and C. Kw leaves differ significantly from the other two callicarpa species, while C. Fo and C. Ma share similar chemical constituents. OPLS-DA highlight with an S-plot indicated that there are 14 robust known chemical markers enabling the differentiation between these five Callicarpa plants. What is more, C. Ma, C. Nu, and C. Fo leaves extracts treatment effectively reversed the body weight loss, uric acid and creatinine content, hepatic XOD activity, kidney, liver, and ankle tissues injury and inflammation induced by potassium oxonate in hyperuricemia mice. While Ko and C. Kw leaves extracts treatment showed less improvement in hyperuricemia mice. This study supplied new therapeutic medicines for treating hyperuricemia, provided a new direction for exploitation of Callicarpa plants resources.

Anti-hyperuricemia effect of hesperetin is mediated by inhibiting the activity of xanthine oxidase and promoting excretion of uric acid

“…Administration of a uricase inhibitor——oxonic acid or potassium oxonate, a selectively competitive uricase inhibitor, blocks the effect of uricase, is a commonly used method to induce mild hyperuricemia in mice. Different from yeast extract-induced hyperuricemia model, its target tissue is kidney, and the research focus is uric acid transporter and uric acid-related metabolic diseases ( Feng et al, 2022 ). Thus, a hyperuricemia model was created using a single injection of potassium oxonate to study the effect of hesperetin on uric acid excretion.…”

“…GSH as a cellular antioxidant marker; CAT removes hydrogen peroxide from the body and is one of the key enzymes in biological defense systems (Li et al, 2019;Wang et al, 2022). FOXO3a can regulate the expression of related proteins in the cellular defense mechanism against oxidative stress, promote the scavenging of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde (MDA), and increase the activity of the antioxidant enzyme MnSOD to reduce oxidative stress (Zhang et al, 2022;Kang et al, 2023). Interestingly, hesperetin exerts a hepatoprotective effect in our hyperuric acid model by reducing oxidative stress (CAT, GSH, MDA parameters, FOXO3a-MnSOD signaling pathway) and down-regulating the TLR4-NLRP3 inflammatory pathway, data which are consistent with findings from the study (Wan et al, 2020).…”