Systematic Desensitization of Snake-Avoidance under Two Conditions of Suggestion

McGlynn, F. Dudley; Mealiea, Wallace L.; Nawas, M. Mike

doi:10.2466/pr0.1969.25.1.220

Cited by 43 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The predictive validity of expectancy state has been reported by Krause, Fitzsimmons, and Wolf (1969), Leitenberg, Agras, Barlow, andOliveau (1969), Oliveau, Agras, Leitenberg, Moore, andWright (1969), Oliveau (1969), Marcia, Rubin, and Efran (1969), McGlynn, Mealiea, and Nawas (1969), and McGlynn, Reynolds, and Linder (1971b.…”

Section: Expectancy Statementioning

confidence: 64%

“…These two points apply also to the study by McGlynn et al (1969). While desensitization alone did not produce significant improvement over no treatment, desensitization plus high-expectancy instructions did.…”

Section: Conditions Under Which the Expectancy Effect Has Been Demons...mentioning

confidence: 67%

“…How-ever, desensitization plus expectancy did not differ significantly from desensitization alone, making the attribution of improvement to expectancy instruction statistically inappropriate. In addition, from a description elsewhere (McGlynn et al,197 Ib), the therapists in the McGlynn et al (1969) study were apparently not experimentally blind.…”

Section: Conditions Under Which the Expectancy Effect Has Been Demons...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Expectancy of therapeutic gain: An empirical and conceptual critique.

Wilkins¹

1973

Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology

140

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The client's expectancy of improvement is currently regarded as an explanatory construct accounting, in part, for actual psychotherapeutic improvement. In spite of the widespread acceptance of this construct, the empirical data necessary to establish its validity have not been generated. Issues involving the conditions under which expectancy effects have been demonstrated, the circular definition of expectancy, the attribution of causality to expectancy, expectancy versus prediction, and the methodological confounding of expectancy and feedback are discussed.

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Section: Expectancy Statementioning

confidence: 64%

Section: Conditions Under Which the Expectancy Effect Has Been Demons...mentioning

confidence: 67%

Section: Conditions Under Which the Expectancy Effect Has Been Demons...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Expectancy of therapeutic gain: An empirical and conceptual critique.

Wilkins¹

1973

Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology

140

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“…5 5 In the studies summarized above, a comparison was made between a group undergoing a behavior therapy procedure defined as therapy and a group undergoing the same procedure defined as something other than therapy (e.g., an experiment in imagination or a control procedure). A separate series of studies (Cataldo, 1970;Howlett & Nawas, 1971;Lomont & Brock, 1971;McGlynn, 1972;McGlynn & Mapp, 1970;McGlynn, Mealiea, & Nawas, 1969;McGlynn, Reynolds, & Linder, 1971 b;McGlynn & Williams, 1970;Woy & Efran, 1972) has examined the effects of subjects' expectations in a different way. In these studies desensitization was always defined to the subjects as a therapy.…”

Section: Attitudes and Expectancies In Hypnosis And Behavior Therapymentioning

confidence: 97%

Hypnosis and Behavior Therapy: Common Denominators

Np¹,

1973

American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis

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In this paper, the relationships between hypnosis and behavior therapy are examined on two levels. First, the authors consider the contention that a "hypnotic state" mediates some of the therapeutic changes that are seen in behavior therapy. Logical and empirical problems pertaining to the hypothetical construct "hypnotic state" or "trance" are specified and it is concluded that the construct is not useful in explaining the changes in behavior observed in either hypnotic situations or in behavior therapy situations. Secondly, the authors focus on parallels between hypnotic situations and those behavior therapy situations that make subjects' imaginings the pivot of therapeutic change. Four sets of variables are delineated that appear to play a role in mediating the changes in behavior seen in both hypnotic and behavior therapy situations: (a) motivational variables, (b) attitudinal and expectancy variables, (c) the specific wording of the suggestions or instructions, and (d) circumscribed cognitive processes (e.g., goal-directed imagining) occurring in response to the suggestions or instructions.

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“…In one approach, subjects are provided with a general therapeutic orientation while instructional manipulations attempt to influence their expectations regarding treatment outcome. In general, these studies have demonstrated small between-group differences which usually fail to attain statistical significance (Lomont & Brock, 1971;McGlynn, 1972;McGlynn & Mapp, 1970;McGlynn, Mealiea, & Nawas, 1969;McGlynn, Reynolds, & Linder, 1971a;McGlynn & Williams, 1970;Woy & Efran, 1972).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapy set: Its effects on subjects' involvement in systematic desensitization and treatment outcome.

Rosen¹

1974

Journal of Abnormal Psychology

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The present study tested the hypothesis that therapy instructions significantly augment desensitization treatment effects by influencing subjects' involvement in the conditioning procedure. College snake phobics were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups or a no-treatment control. Therapy set and involvement instructions were manipulated within a 2X2 factorial design in order to create therapeutically and experimentally oriented subjects who were either unencouraged or encouraged to work hard at the experimental procedure. Analyses revealed therapy instructional effects on both behavioral and self-report measures of fear change which could not be attributed to experimenters' awareness of instructional manipulations. Therapy oriented subjects' performance scores were not, however, significantly greater than those obtained by subjects with an experimental orientation. Alternative hypotheses and future research strategies for testing therapy instructional effects are discussed.

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Systematic Desensitization of Snake-Avoidance under Two Conditions of Suggestion

Abstract: Two groups of Ss received systematic desensitization for “snakephobia.” 9 Ss were led to expect anxiety reduction from desensitization; another 9 were not. Changes in snake-avoidance for these two groups were compared with changes displayed by 9 Ss who received no treatment.

Cited by 43 publications

References 4 publications

Expectancy of therapeutic gain: An empirical and conceptual critique.

Expectancy of therapeutic gain: An empirical and conceptual critique.

Hypnosis and Behavior Therapy: Common Denominators

Therapy set: Its effects on subjects' involvement in systematic desensitization and treatment outcome.

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