Systematic Development of Vanadium Catalysts for Sustainable Epoxidation of Small Alkenes and Allylic Alcohols

Abstract

The catalytic epoxidation of small alkenes and allylic alcohols includes a wide range of valuable chemical applications, with many works describing vanadium complexes as suitable catalysts towards sustainable process chemistry. But, given the complexity of these mechanisms, it is not always easy to sort out efficient examples for streamlining sustainable processes and tuning product optimization. In this review, we provide an update on major works of tunable vanadium-catalyzed epoxidations, with a focus on sustainable optimization routes. After presenting the current mechanistic view on vanadium catalysts for small alkenes and allylic alcohols’ epoxidation, we argue the key challenges in green process development by highlighting the value of updated kinetic and mechanistic studies, along with essential computational studies.

Ultra‐low Mn(salen) supported on lignin and selective epoxidation of olefins

“…In recent years, a series of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalytic systems have been widely applied to the epoxidation reactions of olefins. [9,10] Generally, heterogenization approaches, including adsorption, cation exchange, encapsulation, and covalent grafting, are efficient strategies to balance the catalytic properties and cost. [11] Comparing these heterogenization methods, covalent functionalization of the active site and the green supports may lead to a stable and efficient catalyst system.…”

Navigating epoxidation complexity: building a data science toolbox to design vanadium catalysts

“…The catalytic epoxidation of small alkenes and allylic alcohols (ESA) represents a critical process in industrial chemistry. 1 It yields various fine chemicals, encompassing a wide range of applications from the synthesis of complex molecules to the production of high-value pharmaceuticals. 2 Central to this process is the role of vanadium catalysts, known for their efficiency and selectivity in facilitating these reactions.…”

“…Despite the recognised potential of vanadium catalysts in ESA reactions, significant challenges in process optimisation still persist. 1 Chemists have relied on trial-and-error strategies to optimise these reactions, but this approach involves systematically varying reaction parameters one-at-a-time. While it can eventually lead to optimised conditions, this method is time-consuming, resource-intensive, and often impractical.…”