In this paper, we report on a printable glass-based manufacturing
method and a new proof-of-concept colorimetric signal readout scheme
for a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD)-type helium plasma photoionization
detector. The sensor consists of a millimeter-sized glass chamber
manufactured using a printable glass suspension. Plasma inside the
chip is generated using a custom-built power supply (900 V and 83.6
kHz), and the detector uses ∼5 W of power. Our new detection
scheme is based on detecting the change in the color of plasma after
the introduction of target gases. The change in color is first captured
by a smartphone camera as a video output. The recorded video is then
processed and converted to an image light intensity vs retention time
plot (gas chromatogram) using three standard color space models (red,
green, blue (RGB), hue, saturation, lightness (HSL), and hue, saturation,
value (HSV)) with RGB performing the best among the three models.
We successfully detected three different categories of volatile organic
compounds using our new detection scheme and a 30-m-long gas chromatography
column: (1) straight-chain alkanes (n-pentane, n-hexane, n-heptane, n-octane, and n-nonane), (2) aromatics (benzene,
toluene, and ethylbenzene), and (3) polar compounds (acetone, ethanol,
and dichloromethane). The best limit of detection of 10 ng was achieved
for benzene at room temperature. Additionally, the device showed excellent
performance for different types of sample mixtures consisting of three
and five compounds. Our new detector readout method combined with
our ability to print complex glass structures provides a new research
avenue to analyze complex gas mixtures and their components.