Metallophilic interactions were observed in four pairs
of 12-membered
metallamacrocyclic silver and gold complexes of imidazole-derived
N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs), [1-(R1)-3-N-(2,6-di-(R2)-phenylacetamido)-imidazol-2-ylidene]2M2 [R1 = p-MeC6H4, R2 = Me, M = Ag (1b) and Au (1c); R1 = Me, R2 = i-Pr, M =
Ag (2b) and Au (2c); R1 = Et,
R2 = i-Pr, M = Ag (3b) and
Au (3c)], and a 1,2,4-triazole-derived N-heterocyclic
carbene (NHC), [1-(i-Pr)-4-N-(2,6-di-(i-Pr)-phenylacetamido)-1,2,4-triazol-2-ylidene]2M2 [M = Ag (4b) and Au (4c)]. The X-ray diffraction,
photoluminescence, and computational studies indicate the presence
of metallophilic interactions in these complexes, which are significantly
influenced by the sterics and the electronics of the N-amido substituents
of the NHC ligands. The argentophilic interaction in the silver 1b–4b complexes was stronger than the
aurophilic interaction in the gold 1c–4c complexes, with the metallophilic interaction decreasing in the
order 4b > 1b > 1c > 4c > 3b > 3c > 2b > 2c. The 1b–4b complexes were
synthesized from the corresponding amido-functionalized imidazolium
chloride 1a–3a and the 1,2,4-triazolium
chloride 4a salts upon treatment with Ag2O.
The reaction of 1b–4b complexes with
(Me2S)AuCl gave the gold 1c–4c complexes.