Systematic Literature Review and Quantitative Analysis of Health Problems Associated with Sexually Transmitted Neisseria gonorrhoeae Infection

Whelan, Jane; Eeuwijk, Jennifer; Bunge, Eveline M.; Beck, Ekkehard

doi:10.1007/s40121-021-00481-z

Cited by 16 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Among people without HIV, STIs increase rates of HIV acquistion . STIs also increase rates of infertility, chronic pelvic pain, ectopic pregnancy, miscarriage, fetal death, and congenital and neonatal infections . This review summarizes current evidence regarding the epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of gonorrhea, chlamydia, syphilis, Mycoplasma genitalium , trichomoniasis, and genital herpes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4,5 STIs also increase rates of infertility, chronic pelvic pain, ectopic pregnancy, miscarriage, fetal death, and congenital and neonatal infections. [6][7][8][9] This review summarizes current evidence regarding the epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of gonorrhea, chlamydia, syphilis, Mycoplasma genitalium, trichomoniasis, and genital herpes. For the purposes of clarity, in this article, the terms male and female refer to those assigned male or female at birth, respectively (see eTable 1 in the Supplement for additional clinician resources).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Diagnosis and Treatment of Sexually Transmitted Infections

Tuddenham

Hamill

Ghanem

2022

JAMA

146

136

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In 2019, an estimated 2.55 million new sexually transmitted infections (STIs) were reported in the US, 1 with a projected direct medical cost of approximately $1.1 billion for gonorrhea, chlamydia, and syphilis in 2018. 2 In 2018, there were approximately 67.6 million prevalent infections in the US, suggesting that an estimated 1 in 5 adults had an STI. 3 People with STIs are at greater risk of transmitting HIV to others. Among people without HIV, STIs increase rates of HIV acquistion. 4,5 STIs also increase rates of infertility, chronic pelvic pain, ectopic pregnancy, miscarriage, fetal death, and congenital and neonatal infections. [6][7][8][9] This review summarizes current evidence regarding the epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of gonorrhea, chlamydia, syphilis, Mycoplasma genitalium, trichomoniasis, and genital herpes. For the purposes of clarity, in this article, the terms male and female refer to those assigned male or female at birth, respectively (see eTable 1 in the Supplement for additional clinician resources). MethodsWe searched PubMed and Cochrane databases using Medical Subject Headings for English-language studies of the epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of gonorrhea, chlamydia (including lymphogranuloma venereum), syphilis, Mycoplasma genitalium, trichomoniasis, and herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2) between October 1, 2010, and October 31, 2021. We manually searched the references of selected articles for additional relevant studies (including older studies). Randomized clinical trials, meta-analyses, systematic reviews, and national and international clinical practice guidelines were prioritized for inclusion. Of 1896 reports identified, 81 were included, consisting of 8 randomized trials, 7 meta-analyses, 27 systematic reviews, 5 clinical practice guidelines, 28 observational studies, 3 modeling studies, and 3 retrospective case series. IMPORTANCE Approximately 1 in 5 adults in the US had a sexually transmitted infection (STI) in 2018. This review provides an update on the epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of gonorrhea, chlamydia, syphilis, Mycoplasma genitalium, trichomoniasis, and genital herpes.OBSERVATIONS From 2015 to 2019, the rates of gonorrhea, chlamydia, and syphilis increased in the US; from 1999 to 2016, while the rates of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and HSV-2 declined. Populations with higher rates of STIs include people younger than 25 years, sexual and gender minorities such as men and transgender women who have sex with men, and racial and ethnic minorities such as Black and Latinx people. Approximately 70% of infections with HSV and trichomoniasis and 53% to 100% of extragenital gonorrhea and chlamydia infections are asymptomatic or associated with few symptoms. STIs are associated with HIV acquisition and transmission and are the leading cause of tubal factor infertility in women. Nucleic acid amplification tests have high sensitivities (86.1%-100%) and specificities (97.1%-100%) for the diagnosis of gonorrhea, chlamydia,...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Diagnosis and Treatment of Sexually Transmitted Infections

Tuddenham

Hamill

Ghanem

2022

JAMA

146

136

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“…Symptoms, when present, include burning with urination and genital discharge, among others [14]. Possible complications include disseminated infection, epididymitis in men, and pelvic inflammatory disease, chronic pelvic pain, ectopic pregnancy and tubal factor infertility in women [15,16]. However, infection is frequently asymptomatic, particularly in women, meaning the prevalence of infection is higher than diagnoses alone suggest [14,15,17,18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The potential public health impact of adolescent 4CMenB vaccination on Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection in England: a modelling study

et al. 2023

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Introduction Diagnoses of gonorrhoea in England rose by 26% between 2018 and 2019. Recent evidence that a vaccine against meningococcal B disease currently offered to infants in the UK (4CMenB) could additionally protect (with 31% efficacy) against gonorrhoea has led to renewed hope for a vaccine. A Phase 2 proof-of-concept trial of 4CMenB vaccination against gonorrhoea in adults is currently underway. Objectives To investigate the potential public health impact of adolescent gonorrhoea vaccination in England, considering different implementation strategies. Methods We developed a deterministic transmission-dynamic model of gonorrhoea infection among heterosexual 13–64-year-olds stratified by age, sex and sexual activity. We explored the impact of a National Immunisation Programme (NIP) among 14-year-olds for a vaccine with 31% efficacy, 6 years’ duration of protection, and 85% uptake. We also explored how impact might change for varying efficacy (20–50%) and uptake (75–95%), the addition of a catch-up programme, the use of boosters, and varying duration of protection. Results An NIP against gonorrhoea could lead to 50,000 (95% credible interval, CrI 31,000-80,000) and 849,000 (95%CrI 476,000-1,568,000) gonorrhoea infections being averted over 10 and 70 years, respectively, in England, for a vaccine with 31% efficacy and 85% uptake. This is equivalent to 25% (95%CrI 17–33%) of heterosexual infections being averted over 70 years. Vaccine impact is predicted to increase over time and be greatest among 13–18-year-olds (39% of infections 95%CrI 31–49% averted) over 70 years. Varying vaccine efficacy and duration of protection had a noticeable effect on impact. Catch-up and booster vaccination increased the short- and long-term impact, respectively. Conclusions A partially-effective vaccine against gonorrhoea infection, delivered to 14-year-olds alongside the MenACWY vaccine, could have an important population impact on gonorrhoea. Catch-up and booster vaccination could be considered alongside cohort vaccination to increase impact.

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“…Factors that contribute to the high prevalence of gonorrhea include lack of access to testing and treatment, inadequate prevention efforts, and stigma surrounding STIs. Untreated gonorrhea can lead to serious complications, including pelvic inflammatory disease, infertility, neonatal blindness, ectopic pregnancy, and an increased risk of HIV transmission [ 1 , 3 , 4 ]. Another crucial factor to consider is the alarmingly increasing cases of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) gonorrhea worldwide [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conductive Ink-Coated Paper-Based Supersandwich DNA Biosensor for Ultrasensitive Detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae

et al. 2023

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Herein, we report results of the studies relating to the development of an impedimetric, magnetic bead-assisted supersandwich DNA hybridization assay for ultrasensitive detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, the causative agent of a sexually transmitted infection (STI), gonorrhea. First, a conductive ink was formulated by homogenously dispersing carboxylated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (cMWCNTs) in a stable emulsion of terpineol and an aqueous suspension of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). The ink, labeled C5, was coated onto paper substrates to fabricate C5@paper conductive electrodes. Thereafter, a magnetic bead (MB)-assisted supersandwich DNA hybridization assay was optimized against the porA pseudogene of N. gonorrhoeae. For this purpose, a pair of specific 5′ aminated capture probes (SCP) and supersandwich detector probes (SDP) was designed, which allowed the enrichment of target gonorrheal DNA sequence from a milieu of substances. The SD probe was designed such that instead of 1:1 binding, it allowed the binding of more than one T strand, leading to a ‘ladder-like’ DNA supersandwich structure. The MB-assisted supersandwich assay was integrated into the C5@paper electrodes for electrochemical analysis. The C5@paper electrodes were found to be highly conductive by a four-probe conductivity method (maximum conductivity of 10.1 S·cm−1). Further, the biosensing assay displayed a wide linear range of 100 aM-100 nM (109 orders of magnitude) with an excellent sensitivity of 22.6 kΩ·(log[concentration])−1. The clinical applicability of the biosensing assay was assessed by detecting genomic DNA extracted from N. gonorrhoeae in the presence of DNA from different non-gonorrheal bacterial species. In conclusion, this study demonstrates a highly sensitive, cost-effective, and label-free paper-based device for STI diagnostics. The ink formulation prepared for the study was found to be highly thixotropic, which indicates that the paper electrodes can be screen-printed in a reproducible and scalable manner.

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Systematic Literature Review and Quantitative Analysis of Health Problems Associated with Sexually Transmitted Neisseria gonorrhoeae Infection

Cited by 16 publications

References 58 publications

Diagnosis and Treatment of Sexually Transmitted Infections

Diagnosis and Treatment of Sexually Transmitted Infections

The potential public health impact of adolescent 4CMenB vaccination on Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection in England: a modelling study

Conductive Ink-Coated Paper-Based Supersandwich DNA Biosensor for Ultrasensitive Detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae

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