Systematic literature review shows that appetite rating does not predict energy intake

Holt, Geraldine; Owen, Lauren; Till, Sophie; Cheng, Yanying; Grant, Vicky; Harden, Charlotte J.; Corfe, Bernard M.

doi:10.1080/10408398.2016.1246414

Cited by 56 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…It can be expected that feelings of appetite translate into behaviour and thereby is reflected in energy intake. Nevertheless, some reports argue that appetite ratings may not necessarily be related to energy intake . In this review, we chose to examine appetite based on both methodologies as self‐reported appetite evaluations were found to be relevant although not necessarily translated into energy intake in a laboratory setting.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The usefulness of reducing appetite in order to regulate body weight is highly debated . The connection between single self‐reported appetite evaluations, the following energy intake and if this subsequently has the ability to affect body weight regulation, has been questioned . Nevertheless, it seems plausible to assume that robust effects on feelings of appetite are likely to influence energy intake, and if an intervention is able to reduce feelings of appetite sufficiently to reduce energy intake, ultimately body weight management must be improved.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Is reducing appetite beneficial for body weight management in the context of overweight and obesity? A systematic review and meta‐analysis from clinical trials assessing body weight management after exposure to satiety enhancing and/or hunger reducing products

et al. 2019

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This review aims to investigate whether interventions that enhance satiety and/or reduce hunger lead to beneficial effects on body weight management in the context of overweight and obesity. A comprehensive review protocol was prepared before conducting a systematic search in PubMed identifying 517 papers with 12 meeting the inclusion criteria. A thorough risk of bias assessment was performed based on the Cochrane collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias. Based on a metaanalysis, the average of 75 subjects exposed to satiety enhancing and/or hunger reducing foods during more than 8 weeks coincidently reduced their body weight by 3.60 (1.05; 6.15) kg (mean (95% confidence interval)) more compared with controls. Two studies analysed whether individual reductions in appetite were associated with body weight. Decreased ad libitum energy intake after exposure to the satiety enhancing and/or hunger reducing interventions explained 58% (P < 0.001) and 23% (P < 0.001) of the variations in the subsequent weight losses over 12 and 8 weeks, respectively. Robust acute effects on appetite were found equally likely to be linked to improved body weight management as sustained effects. Satiety enhancing and/or hunger reducing interventions are supported to improve body weight management, but studies specifically designed to demonstrate a causal link remain needed.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is reducing appetite beneficial for body weight management in the context of overweight and obesity? A systematic review and meta‐analysis from clinical trials assessing body weight management after exposure to satiety enhancing and/or hunger reducing products

et al. 2019

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“…To overcome this hurdle, future investigations should include a wider variety of foods to match personal dietary preferences. It is important to note that the present study utilised visual analogue scales to assess subjective feelings of hunger and appetite, which might not correlate with energy intake [41]. This is reflected in our inability to find a correlation between pre-breakfast hunger ratings and subsequent energy intake, in spite of no between-group differences between these variables.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Pre-Sleep Casein Protein Ingestion Does Not Impact Next-Day Appetite, Energy Intake and Metabolism in Older Individuals

et al. 2019

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Maintaining adequate daily protein intake is important to maintain muscle mass throughout the lifespan. In this regard, the overnight period has been identified as a window of opportunity to increase protein intake in the elderly. However, it is unknown whether pre-sleep protein intake affects next-morning appetite and, consequently, protein intake. Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to investigate the effects of a pre-sleep protein drink on next-morning appetite, energy intake and metabolism. Twelve older individuals (eight males, four females; age: 71.3 ± 4.2 years) took part in a single-blind randomised cross-over study. After a standardised dinner, participants consumed either a 40-g protein drink, isocaloric maltodextrin drink, or placebo water control before bedtime. Next-morning appetite, energy intake, resting metabolic rate (RMR), respiratory exchange rate (RER), and plasma acylated ghrelin, leptin, glucose, and insulin concentrations were assessed. No between-group differences were observed for appetite and energy intake at breakfast. Furthermore, RMR, RER, and assessed blood markers were not significantly different between any of the treatment groups. Pre-sleep protein intake does not affect next-morning appetite and energy intake and is therefore a viable strategy to increase daily protein intake in an older population.Nutrients 2020, 12, 90 2 of 14 leading to skeletal muscle accretion over time. This anabolic response to dietary protein is, however, blunted in older compared with younger individuals, such that a greater protein dose is needed to elicit a similar muscle anabolic response. A retrospective study by Moore and colleagues revealed that maximal stimulation of MPS occurred at 0.24 g·kg body mass −1 and 0.40 g·kg body mass −1 in young and older individuals, respectively [12]. Based on these per meal protein intakes, it has been suggested that the current recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for protein of 0.8 g·kg −1 ·day −1 is suboptimal for the maintenance of skeletal muscle mass with advancing age. However, increasing protein intakes up to 1.2-2.0 g·kg −1 ·day −1 has been shown to reduce long-term lean mass loss in the elderly [13], and has been shown to have no negative side-effects on health outcomes such as kidney function [14]. Oftentimes the overnight period is overlooked as a window of opportunity to increase protein intake. Recently, it was shown that pre-sleep protein ingestion in older individuals is successfully digested, absorbed and incorporated in de novo protein synthesis during the overnight period [15]. Thus, the overnight period, which under normal circumstances is linked to postabsorptive muscle catabolism, could be used to maximise muscle anabolism with important implications in sarcopenia [16,17]. In addition to the potential for overnight muscle anabolism, pre-sleep protein ingestion has been reported to increase next morning resting metabolic rate (RMR) and fat oxidation, potentially conferring beneficial changes in body composition over time [18].At prese...

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“…More specifically, an acute bout of exercise is associated with reduced concentrations of circulating 11 ghrelin (Balaguera-Cortes et al 2011;Heden et al 2013;Sim et al 2015), which is the only known 12 gastrointestinal hormone to stimulate increased appetite (orexigenic properties) (Druce et al 2005;Levin et al 13 2006); whilst increasing concentrations of gastrointestinal hormones such as peptide tyrosine-tyrosine (PYY3-36) 14 and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) (Chanoine et al 2008;Sim et al 2015) that suppress appetite (Degen et al 15 2005,2006). However, it is important to note that these changes in appetite-related peptides following acute 16 exercise are often transient and do not necessarily always translate into changes in perceived appetite or a 17 detectable reduction in energy intake (Balaguera-Cortes et al 2011;Deighton et al 2013;Holt et al 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, this study focused on appetite responses to exercise 243 in the fasted state and varied responses may be observed postprandially. Indeed, future studies may investigate 244 the effect of different exercise modes on ad libitum energy intake, given that a recent systematic review has 245 indicated that alterations to perceived appetite may not necessarily reflect actual energy intake (Holt et al 2016).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Aerobic, Strength or Combined Exercise on Perceived Appetite and Appetite-Related Hormones in Inactive Middle-Aged Men

Larsen

Donges

Guelfi

et al. 2017

International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism

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Aerobic exercise (AE) and strength exercise (SE) are reported to induce discrete and specific appetite-related responses; however, the effect of combining AE and SE (i.e., combined exercise; CE) remains relatively unknown. Twelve inactive overweight men (age: 48 ± 5 y; BMI: 29.9 ± 1.9 kg∙m) completed four conditions in a random order: 1) nonexercise control (CON) (50 min seated rest); 2) AE (50 min cycling; 75% VO); 3) SE (10 × 8 leg extensions; 75% 1RM); and 4) CE (50% SE + 50% AE). Perceived appetite, and appetiterelated peptides and metabolites were assessed before and up to 2 h postcondition (0P, 30P, 60P, 90P, 120P). Perceived appetite did not differ between trials (p < .05). Acylated ghrelin was lower at 0P in AE compared with CON (p = .039), while pancreatic polypeptide (PP) was elevated following AE compared with CON and CE. Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) was greater following all exercise conditions compared with CON, as was glucagon, although concentrations were generally highest in AE (p < .05). Glucose was acutely increased with SE and AE (p < .05), while insulin and C-peptide were higher after SE compared with all other conditions (p < .05). In inactive, middle-aged men AE, SE and CE each have their own distinct effects on circulating appetite-related peptides and metabolites. Despite these differential exercise-induced hormone responses, exercise mode appears to have little effect on perceived appetite compared with a resting control in this population.

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Systematic literature review shows that appetite rating does not predict energy intake

Cited by 56 publications

References 16 publications

Is reducing appetite beneficial for body weight management in the context of overweight and obesity? A systematic review and meta‐analysis from clinical trials assessing body weight management after exposure to satiety enhancing and/or hunger reducing products

Is reducing appetite beneficial for body weight management in the context of overweight and obesity? A systematic review and meta‐analysis from clinical trials assessing body weight management after exposure to satiety enhancing and/or hunger reducing products

Pre-Sleep Casein Protein Ingestion Does Not Impact Next-Day Appetite, Energy Intake and Metabolism in Older Individuals

Effects of Aerobic, Strength or Combined Exercise on Perceived Appetite and Appetite-Related Hormones in Inactive Middle-Aged Men

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