Systematic Literature Review to Investigate the Application of Open Source Intelligence (OSINT) with Artificial Intelligence

Evangelista, João Rafael Gonçalves; Sassi, Renato José; Romero, Marcio; Napolitano, Domingos Márcio Rodrigues

doi:10.1080/19361610.2020.1761737

Cited by 40 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…In the current literature, there exist several review articles on OSINT extraction. In Evangelista et al (2020), the authors have presented a systematic review of applications of OSINT and concluded that it has predominant applicability in the military purposes for intelligence services. Pastor et al reviewed the tools and techniques for the complete OSINT process in the context of Cybersecurity (Pastor‐Galindo et al, 2020).…”

Section: Related Work and Our Contributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has also been classified under names of the type of intelligence extraction required, for example, for intelligence from market analysis—Market Intelligence (MARKINT), intelligence extracted from humans—Human Intelligence (HUMINT), intelligence from images—Image Intelligence (IMGINT), intelligence from signals—Signal Intelligence (SIGINT) etc. Overlapping frameworks of these intelligence disciplines can be used under different applications of intelligence extraction and hence can also be perceived as subdomains under the common head, that is, OSINT (Evangelista et al, 2020). On analyzing the most representative literature under the various domains, it is observed that there is a standard workflow to extract open‐source intelligence, as shown in Figure 1.…”

Section: Workflow For Osint Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Open source intelligence extraction for terrorism‐related information: A review

Chaudhary

Bansal

2022

WIREs Data Min & Knowl

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In this contemporary era, where a large part of the world population is deluged by extensive use of the internet and social media, terrorists have found it a potential opportunity to execute their vicious plans. They have got a befitting medium to reach out to their targets to spread propaganda, disseminate training content, operate virtually, and further their goals. To restrain such activities, information over the internet in context of terrorism needs to be analyzed to channel it to appropriate measures in combating terrorism. Open Source Intelligence (OSINT) accounts for a felicitous solution to this problem, which is an emerging discipline of leveraging publicly accessible sources of information over the internet by effectively utilizing it to extract intelligence. The process of OSINT extraction is broadly observed to be in three phases (i) Data Acquisition, (ii) Data Enrichment, and (iii) Knowledge Inference. In the context of terrorism, researchers have given noticeable contributions in compliance with these three phases. However, a comprehensive review that delineates these research contributions into an integrated workflow of intelligence extraction has not been found. The paper presents the most current review in OSINT, reflecting how the various state‐of‐the‐art tools and techniques can be applied in extracting terrorism‐related textual information from publicly accessible sources. Various data mining and text analysis‐based techniques, that is, natural language processing, machine learning, and deep learning have been reviewed to extract and evaluate textual data. Additionally, towards the end of the paper, we discuss challenges and gaps observed in different phases of OSINT extraction. This article is categorized under: Application Areas > Government and Public Sector Commercial, Legal, and Ethical Issues > Social Considerations Fundamental Concepts of Data and Knowledge > Motivation and Emergence of Data Mining

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Section: Related Work and Our Contributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Workflow For Osint Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Open source intelligence extraction for terrorism‐related information: A review

Chaudhary

Bansal

2022

WIREs Data Min & Knowl

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“…Another area of active discussion among professionals in the OSINT field involves open‐source data—its reliability, its sometimes overwhelming quantity, and approaches to analysis (Best, 2011; Eldridge et al., 2018; Evangelista et al., 2021; Hulnick, 2002). Conservation scientists frequently deal with many of these same issues.…”

Section: Expanding Conservation Biology Through Osintmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another area of active discussion among professionals in the OSINT field involves open-source data-its reliability, its sometimes overwhelming quantity, and approaches to analysis (Best, 2011;Eldridge et al, 2018;Evangelista et al, 2021; ). The Bing image, but not the Google Earth image, shows numerous black dots, in the field and on the road, that appear to be ungulates Hulnick, 2002).…”

Section: Conceptual Framework To Improve Conservation Biologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Open‐source intelligence for conservation biology

Katzner

Thomason

Huhmann³

et al. 2022

Conservation Biology

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Open‐source intelligence (OSINT) evolved in spy agencies but now is rapidly changing many fields of study, from anthropology to zoology. Despite the fact that OSINT occasionally is used in conservation biology, there is little recognition that some tools and frameworks used by conservation professionals are drawn from this well‐established field. In conservation biology, OSINT is sometimes used to evaluate wildlife crime, human–wildlife and human–environment interactions, animal behavior, and questions of distribution and abundance. Recognizing the conceptual foundations of the field would allow expansion of conservation biology, not only in the areas noted above, but also, for example, in study of habitat use, habitat change, and animal behavior. This recognition would also provide frameworks for conceptual advancement, especially in terms of data and privacy management. Failure to recognize the underpinnings of OSINT tools in conservation biology harms the field because it limits how research is framed, thought about, and implemented. Likewise, taking an OSINT perspective to conservation problems, rather than simply thinking in terms of big data, can enrich the field, expand science, and increase knowledge and understanding of biology and biodiversity.

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“…This is also supported in tourism research, where Lama et al (2020) concluded that a lack of technological and financial resources negatively affected technology adoption in tourism, especially in developing countries. In this context, the opensource nature of cutting-edge technologies allows for quick diffusion and adoption of AI by businesses (Evangelista et al, 2020). Based on these arguments, the following hypothesis has been formed:…”

Section: Perceived Technological Competencementioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Affecting the Likelihood of Using Artificial Intelligence in Tourism Businesses: A Case of Egypt.

Ragab¹,

Ezzat²

2022

International Journal of Heritage, Tourism and Hospitality

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Tourism is being shaped by new consumer demands known as "digital natives", who expect technology such as Artificial Intelligence (AI). However, AI in tourism is still in its infancy compared to other sectors such as banking, healthcare, etc. Thus, governments and businesses need to develop AI policies and strategies to keep tourism services competitive. The objective of this research is to understand the factors that determine the likelihood of using AI in tourism businesses in Egypt. A measurement model is developed by combining the technology, organization, and environment context model and the benefits, organizational readiness, and external pressure model. The findings reveal that perceived functional benefits, strategic benefits, technological competence, and perceived risks are significant predictors of the likelihood of using AI in tourism businesses. The paper concludes that the public and private tourism sectors should enhance awareness of AI technologies implementation for a more prosperous, productive, and competitive tourism sector in Egypt.

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Systematic Literature Review to Investigate the Application of Open Source Intelligence (OSINT) with Artificial Intelligence

Cited by 40 publications

References 26 publications

Open source intelligence extraction for terrorism‐related information: A review

Open source intelligence extraction for terrorism‐related information: A review

Open‐source intelligence for conservation biology

Factors Affecting the Likelihood of Using Artificial Intelligence in Tourism Businesses: A Case of Egypt.

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