“…Architectures and platforming approaches are used for standardizing and managing large, complex systems (Otto et al, 2016;Simpson et al, 2014). The field has been developed over many decades within product portfolios (Meyer & Utterback, 1992;Mortensen et al, 2019) and engineering systems (Selva et al, 2016), and has more recently been implemented in fields such as services (de Mattos et al, 2021;Tuunanen et al, 2022), product-service systems (Cenamor et al, 2017;Johnson et al, 2021), and maintenance operations (Julie K. Agergaard et al, 2022b;Julie Krogh Agergaard et al, 2022;Kristoffer Vandrup Sigsgaard et al, 2022). This paper takes basis in the definition of a product architecture as the scheme by which functions are mapped to physical components (Ulrich, 1995).…”