Systematic Measurement Methods for the Determination of the SPAD Values of Maize (<i>Zea mays</i>L.) Canopy and Potato (<i>Solanum tuberosum</i>L.)

Víg, Róbert; Huzsvai, László; Dobos, Attila; Nagy, J.

doi:10.1080/00103624.2012.681740

Cited by 18 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The DN values of the red and green bands, used individually, were significantly correlated with SPAD readings on the same leaf, which is consistent with previous reports (Eitel et al, 2011 ). Previous research usually used only the SPAD meter to estimate chlorophyll distribution along the leaf, and then recommended a suitable position for subsequent SPAD meter measurements (Víg et al, 2012 ). This method is efficient for species with wide leaves, such as corn and potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.), but SPAD measurements might be useless for species with thin leaves, such as wheat and rice.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SPAD readings are greatly influenced by the specific part of the foliage where the measurements are made, as chlorophyll is not evenly distributed along the leaf blade. In wheat ( Triticum aestivum L., Debaeke et al, 2006 ) and corn ( Zea mays L., Víg et al, 2012 ), the leaf was divided into several parts for SPAD measurements, and then chlorophyll distribution along the leaf was estimated. This method is appropriate to determine the most suitable position on a leaf blade for chlorophyll measurements, as SPAD values show high variability along the leaf blade from the leaf base to the apex (Chapman and Barreto, 1997 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimal Leaf Positions for SPAD Meter Measurement in Rice

et al. 2016

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The Soil Plant Analysis Development (SPAD) chlorophyll meter is one of the most commonly used diagnostic tools to measure crop nitrogen status. However, the measurement method of the meter could significantly affect the accuracy of the final estimation. Thus, this research was undertaken to develop a new methodology to optimize SPAD meter measurements in rice (Oryza sativa L.). A flatbed color scanner was used to map the dynamic chlorophyll distribution and irregular leaf shapes. Calculus algorithm was adopted to estimate the potential positions for SPAD meter measurement along the leaf blade. Data generated by the flatbed color scanner and SPAD meter were analyzed simultaneously. The results suggested that a position 2/3 of the distance from the leaf base to the apex (2/3 position) could represent the chlorophyll content of the entire leaf blade, as indicated by the relatively low variance of measurements at that position. SPAD values based on di-positional leaves and the extracted chlorophyll a and b contents were compared. This comparison showed that the 2/3 position on the lower leaves tended to be more sensitive to changes in chlorophyll content. Finally, the 2/3 position and average SPAD values of the fourth fully expanded leaf from the top were compared with leaf nitrogen concentration. The results showed the 2/3 position on that leaf was most suitable for predicting the nitrogen status of rice. Based on these results, we recommend making SPAD measurements at the 2/3 position on the fourth fully expanded leaf from the top. The coupling of dynamic chlorophyll distribution and irregular leaf shapes information can provide a promising approach for the calibration of SPAD meter measurement, which can further benefit the in situ nitrogen management by providing reliable estimation of crops nitrogen nutrition status.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Leaf Positions for SPAD Meter Measurement in Rice

et al. 2016

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“…The SPAD meter was used according to methods recommended by Salmerón et al (2011), Víg et al (2012, and Yang et al (2012). At the V12 crop stage, the SPAD meter was used on five randomly selected plants per plot.…”

Section: Cornmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization of Spent Microbial Biomass as an Alternative Crop Nitrogen Source

et al. 2017

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Core Ideas Nutrient‐rich spent microbial biomass has potential for reuse in agriculture. Tall fescue data from three harvests showed release of spent microbial biomass nutrients over time. Highest spent microbial biomass rate yielded greater tall fescue biomass than fertilizer in July. All five spent microbial biomass rates produced corn yields consistent with the fertilizer control. The renewable disposal of spent microbial biomass in agriculture may be expanded to other industries. Spent microbial biomass (SMB), a nutrient‐rich co‐product of industrial white biotechnology processes, is produced in substantial quantities alongside high‐value products and most often disposed of in landfills or incinerated. Alternatively, SMB could be reused as a land‐applied N source in agricultural crop production, reducing the environmental and economic footprint of synthetic fertilizers. This research compares SMB applied at different rates to current farmer practice (FP) fertilizer use in tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) and corn (Zea mays L.) production on a Dewey silty clay in Lenoir City, TN. The effect of SMB on tall fescue was measured over three harvests through plant biomass production, crop N status using the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and forage quality by near‐infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS). Corn productivity was measured by crop height, leaf chlorophyll content using a handheld meter, and grain yield. Tall fescue data showed the mineralization and release of SMB N over time compared with the rapidly available fertilizer N, and the highest SMB application rate in tall fescue was not statistically different from the FP in plant biomass, leaf NDVI, or any measured forage quality parameters. Despite differences in corn leaf chlorophyll contents between SMB and fertilizer treatments during the growing season, no differences in final grain yields were found. This research substantiates the potential of SMB as a soil N amendment from a nutrient source and yield perspective. Additional studies are needed to understand SMB mineralization rates and to confirm the material's nutrient contribution to crop production.

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“…The central part of the leaf blade was generally recommended to be used for measuring chlorophyll in wheat [35,36]. Some other studies recommended making SPAD measurements at the middle or at the third quarter of the leaf blade from the tip for maize crops [37,38].…”

Section: Relationship Between Spad and Namentioning

confidence: 99%

Rice Leaf Lateral Asymmetry in the Relationship between SPAD and Area-Based Nitrogen Concentration

et al. 2017

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Rice leaves display lateral asymmetry around the midrib, and the narrow side exhibits higher leaf area-based nitrogen concentration (Na) and soil plant analysis development (SPAD) values than the wider side. However, the difference in the relationship between the SPAD of each side and Na of the corresponding lateral half, and the optimal position along the leaf blade for SPAD measurements are not known. In this study, the relationship between SPAD and Na of both sides of the top three leaves was determined with 17 rice varieties grown over three growing seasons in two locations. The relationship between SPAD and Na displayed leaf lateral asymmetry, in which the wide side reflected a higher coefficient of determination than the narrow side. The ability to estimate Na of the whole leaf was slightly improved by averaging SPAD values across the leaf sides and measured points for the top two leaves. Apparently, it was more accurate and easier to measure SPAD readings on the wide side than the narrow side of rice leaf blade with respect to estimating plant N status. Due to the relatively poor relationship of the upper leaf, and the structural limit for SPAD measurements of the base, this study suggests that the most suitable and representative position for SPAD meter measurement on the leaf blade of rice is the lower-middle part from the leaf apex on the wide side.

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Systematic Measurement Methods for the Determination of the SPAD Values of Maize (Zea maysL.) Canopy and Potato (Solanum tuberosumL.)

Cited by 18 publications

References 21 publications

Optimal Leaf Positions for SPAD Meter Measurement in Rice

Optimal Leaf Positions for SPAD Meter Measurement in Rice

Utilization of Spent Microbial Biomass as an Alternative Crop Nitrogen Source

Rice Leaf Lateral Asymmetry in the Relationship between SPAD and Area-Based Nitrogen Concentration

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