Systematic Position of Pilipalpinae (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea) and Composition of Pyrochroidae

Abstract

Based on external and internal structural features of larvae and adults, the phylogeny of Trictenotomidae, Salpingidae, Pythidae, Boridae, Tydessa Peacock (included previously in Pilipalpinae), Pilipalpinae, Pyrochroinae, and Pedilinae is reconstructed as: (Trictenotomidae + Salpingidae + Pythidae) + (Boridae + {Tydessa + [Pilipalpinae + (Pyrochroinae + Pedilinae)]}). The genus Tydessa is placed in its own monobasic subfamily, Tydessinae. Both Tydessinae and Pilipalpinae are included in Pyrochroidae, along with Pyrochroinae, Pedilinae, and possibly Cononotus and Agnathus. A historical account of the classification of Pilipalpinae is presented, along with a revised subfamilial classification of Pyrochroidae and Pythidae.

The beetle tree of life reveals thatColeoptera survived end‐Permian mass extinction to diversify during theCretaceous terrestrial revolution

“…Trachelostenus (Trachelostenidae) and Leaus (incertae sedis) were recovered as sister taxa well within Tenebrionidae, as suggested by Matthews & Lawrence (1992). The Bayesian tree strongly supports the monophyly of the Salpingid group (Watt, 1987), which includes Boridae, Pyrochroidae [added by Pollock (1994)], Pythidae, Salpingidae and Trictenotomidae. The three Southern Hemisphere families Chalcodryidae, Promelcheilidae and Ulodidae formed a strongly supported clade under both ML and BI.…”

Comparative morphology of immature Trictenotoma formosana Kriesche, 1919 and systematic position of the Trictenotomidae (Coleoptera, Tenebrionoidea)

“…Pollock & Telnov (2010) summarized the history of the classification and phylogenetic position of Trictenotomidae. Despite the odd placement of the family near the Cerambycidae within an enlarged Chrysomeloidea by Ferrer & Drumont (2003), evidence up to that time provided a solid position somewhere in the "salpingid group" of families (sensu Watt 1987 andPollock 1994). This grouping includes Pythidae, Salpingidae, Boridae, Pyrochroidae and Trictenotomidae.…”

“…Lameere (1916) stated that Trictenotomidae certainly belongs to the heteromerous Coleoptera (superfamily Tenebrionoidea Latreille, 1802). Recent analyses, based either on morphological (e.g., Lameere 1916;Crowson 1955Crowson , 1981Watt 1987;Pollock 1994) or molecular (Kergoat et al 2014;McKenna et al 2015;Batelka et al 2016;Zhang et al 2018) characters of adults and larvae (based on the only description of a larval trictenotomid, that of Gahan 1908) have confirmed this tenebrionoid placement and have disproved the earlier placements in Lucanidae or Cerambycidae.…”

Description of the late- or last-instar larva of Ischyomius Chevrolat, with comments on the family placement of the genus (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea: Pythidae)

“…As a complement to the morphology-based paper by Lawrence et al (2011), McKenna et al (2015 used DNA sequence data from eight nuclear genes to elucidate relationships among the suborders and superfamilies of Coleoptera. In both Bayesian and Maximum Likelihood trees, Ischyomius and Pytho (the only exemplars of Pythidae used in this study) were recovered as sister groups, within a monophyletic cluster approximating the "Salpingid Group" of Watt (1987) and Pollock (1994). In both trees, Ischyomius + Pytho is a sister group to a monophylum consisting of three genera of Salpingidae, with Elacatis (Salpingidae) forming the sister group to these five genera.…”