Systematic qualitative and quantitative assessment of anthocyanins, flavones and flavonols in the petals of 108 lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) cultivars

Deng, Jiao; Chen, Sha; X, Yin; Wang, Kun; Liu, Yanling; Li, Shaohua; Yang, Pingfang

doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.02.010

Cited by 97 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…However, this class of compounds is highly unstable and easily susceptible to degradation. The stability of anthocyanin colour can be improved by copigmentation, where the anthocyanin molecule reacts with other natural plant components directly or through weak interactions, resulting in an enhanced and stabilized colour (Di Meo, Sancho Garcia, Dangles, & Trouillas, 2012, Deng et al, 2013. A wide range of different molecules has been found to act as copigments.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Phytochemicals in Petals of Different Colours From Viola × wittrockiana Gams. and Their Correlation With Antioxidant Activity

Skowyra¹,

Calvo²,

Gallego³

et al. 2014

JAS

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A study to establish relationship between the petal colour, extraction solvent, phenolic, flavonoid, anthocyanin content and antioxidant activity in three varieties of Viola × wittrockiana (yellow, red and violet) is reported in this article. Identification and quantification of flavonoids and anthocyanins using HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS is also presented. The antioxidant activity was studied by four different analytical assays: the measurement of scavenging capacity against ABTS + and DPPH free radicals, oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). The violet petals were the most active in all solvents employed for extraction and also showed higher total phenolic, flavonoid and anthocyanin content in comparison with red and yellow ones. Fourteen constituents were identified by HPLC coupled with diode-array detection (DAD) and mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), ten of them were flavonoids and four anthocyanins. The major compounds found in violet pansy were rutin, violanthin and violanin. Aqueous extract of violet pansy can be regarded as a suitable candidate to serve as a radical scavenging agent that could be used in functional foods.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Phytochemicals in Petals of Different Colours From Viola × wittrockiana Gams. and Their Correlation With Antioxidant Activity

Skowyra¹,

Calvo²,

Gallego³

et al. 2014

JAS

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show abstract

“…The series of methyl losses suggested OCH 3 substitution at compound 31. Thus, compounds 28, 29, 30, and 31 were clearly identified as luteolin, quercetin, apigenin, and casticin, respectively, upon comparison with the reference standards [28]. The MS/MS spectra and detailed fragmentation pathway of casticin are shown in Supplementary Fig.…”

Section: Hplc-qtof-ms-based Analyte Identificationmentioning

confidence: 94%

Identification and quantification of phenolic compounds in Vitex negundo L. var. cannabifolia (Siebold et Zucc.) Hand.-Mazz. using liquid chromatography combined with quadrupole time-of-flight and triple quadrupole mass spectrometers

Huang

Zhang

et al. 2015

Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis

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“…Considering a lot of flavones and flavonols in red and yellow flowers in lotus (Deng et al, 2013), which indicates that the upstream genes in the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway are active, we only investigated the expression levels of downstream genes ( DFR , ANS , UFGT and GST ) by quantitative reverse transcription–PCR (qRT-PCR) and semi-quantitative RT-PCR (sqRT-PCR). qRT-PCR was conducted using StepOne Real-Time PCR System (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…So far, the relationship between flower color and pigments composition and content was elucidated among lotus cultivars using HPLC (Katori et al, 2002; Chen et al, 2013; Deng et al, 2013). The results showed that the red and pink flower cultivars contained all types of anthocyanins except for pelargonidin, while no anthocyanins were detected in white and yellow flower cultivars; flavones and flavonols were detected in all cultivars and small amounts of xanthophylls and β-carotene were detected in some yellow cultivars.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of aR2R3-MYBgene regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis and relationships between its variation and flower color difference in lotus (NelumboAdans.)

Sun

Gugger

Wang

et al. 2016

PeerJ

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The lotus (Nelumbonaceae: Nelumbo Adans.) is a highly desired ornamental plant, comprising only two extant species, the sacred lotus (N. nucifera Gaerten.) with red flowers and the American lotus (N. lutea Willd.) with yellow flowers. Flower color is the most obvious difference of two species. To better understand the mechanism of flower color differentiation, the content of anthocyanins and the expression levels of four key structural genes (e.g., DFR, ANS, UFGT and GST) were analyzed in two species. Our results revealed that anthocyanins were detected in red flowers, not yellow flowers. Expression analysis showed that no transcripts of GST gene and low expression level of three UFGT genes were detected in yellow flowers. In addition, three regulatory genes (NnMYB5, NnbHLH1 and NnTTG1) were isolated from red flowers and showed a high similarity to corresponding regulatory genes of other species. Sequence analysis of MYB5, bHLH1 and TTG1 in two species revealed striking differences in coding region and promoter region of MYB5 gene. Population analysis identified three MYB5 variants in Nelumbo: a functional allele existed in red flowers and two inactive forms existed in yellow flowers. This result revealed that there was an association between allelic variation in MYB5 gene and flower color difference. Yeast two-hybrid experiments showed that NnMYB5 interacts with NnbHLH1, NlbHLH1 and NnTTG1, and NnTTG1 also interacts with NnbHLH1 and NlbHLH1. The over-expression of NnMYB5 led to anthocyanin accumulation in immature seeds and flower stalks and up-regulation of expression of TT19 in Arabidopsis. Therefore, NnMYB5 is a transcription activator of anthocyanin synthesis. This study helps to elucidate the function of NnMYB5 and will contribute to clarify the mechanism of flower coloration and genetic engineering of flower color in lotus.

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Systematic qualitative and quantitative assessment of anthocyanins, flavones and flavonols in the petals of 108 lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) cultivars

Cited by 97 publications

References 28 publications

Characterization of Phytochemicals in Petals of Different Colours From Viola × wittrockiana Gams. and Their Correlation With Antioxidant Activity

Characterization of Phytochemicals in Petals of Different Colours From Viola × wittrockiana Gams. and Their Correlation With Antioxidant Activity

Identification and quantification of phenolic compounds in Vitex negundo L. var. cannabifolia (Siebold et Zucc.) Hand.-Mazz. using liquid chromatography combined with quadrupole time-of-flight and triple quadrupole mass spectrometers

Identification of aR2R3-MYBgene regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis and relationships between its variation and flower color difference in lotus (NelumboAdans.)

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