Systematic review and meta-analysis estimating the prevalence, burden,
                        and trend of diabetes mellitus in Saudi Arabia

Owolabi, Lukman; Adamu, Bappa; Imam, Adamu Isa; Owolabi, Shakirah Desola; Alhaji, I.; Alghamdi, Mushabab; Al-Shahrani, Abdullah A.

doi:10.4103/jdep.jdep_13_19

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…According to estimates from the Ministry of Health, the diagnosed cases of DM surged from around 0.9 million in 1992 to 2.5 million in 2010, indicating an almost threefold increase in incidence within less than two decades [3] . A recent meta-analysis of observational studies conducted in Saudi Arabia revealed point prevalence rates of 20.9% for type 2 DM, 0.9% for type 1 DM, and an overall prevalence of 12.6% [4] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution Patterns of Neurography in Diabetic Neuropathy

Owolabi,

Alghamdi

2024

Preprint

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Background Diabetic neuropathy (DN), a prevalent complication of diabetes, significantly impacts nerve function. Utilizing nerve conduction studies (NCS), this investigation delves into the intricate patterns of neuropathy in diabetic patients. The study aimed to determine the neuropathy pattern and neuropathy types in DN and their relationships with clinical parameters. Methods This study employed NCS using the Natus Nicolet Viking Quest electromyography machine. Assessments were conducted on the median, ulnar, tibial, peroneal, superficial peroneal and sural nerves. Abnormal NCS results were determined based on local reference values. Diabetic neuropathy was defined by NCS, disregarding subjective symptoms. Standard NCS was performed to identify abnormalities indicative of demyelination or axonal damage. Neuropathy patterns were classified as mononeuropathy, multiple mononeuropathy, and polyneuropathy. Bilateral NCS were conducted using Ag–AgCl surface electrodes, following a standardized protocol for motor and sensory nerve conduction recordings. Results Among participants, 62.69% with NCS-determined diabetic neuropathy (DN) exhibited subjective symptoms, compared to 26.76% without DN. Distal polyneuropathy was predominant in those with DN (49.5%), followed by multiple mononeuropathy (31.1%), unilateral mononeuropathy (10.7%), and bilateral mononeuropathy (8.7%). Mononeuropathies collectively constituted 50.5% of DN cases. Mononeuropathy cases demonstrated demyelination, while polyneuropathy cases exhibited axonal damage or a combination of axonal-demyelination. Comparing combined mononeuropathy to polyneuropathy across types (demyelination vs. axonal-mixed), p = 0.015. Longer diabetes duration correlated with unilateral and multiple mononeuropathy, and polyneuropathy. Significant associations were found between HbA1c and all mononeuropathy and polyneuropathy forms (p < 0.05). Similarly, BMI correlated with all forms of mononeuropathy and polyneuropathy (p < 0.05). The relationships of HbA1c, diabetes duration, and BMI with neuropathy types were significant for axonal and mixed axonal-demyelinating neuropathy (p < 0.05).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution Patterns of Neurography in Diabetic Neuropathy

Owolabi,

Alghamdi

2024

Preprint

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“…The Ministry of Health of Saudi Arabia estimated that the number of people diagnosed with DM rose from approximately 0.9 million people in 1992 to 2.5 million people in 2010, representing an almost 3-fold increase in incidence over less than 2 decades [6]. A recent meta-analysis of observational studies in Saudi Arabia reported type 2 DM, type 1 DM, and overall point prevalence rates of 20.9%, 0.9%, and 12.6%, respectively [7]. DM is associated with morbidity and mortality of public health significance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnitude of diabetic peripheral neuropathy in Saudi Arabia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2022

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Background Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), due to its potential for causing morbidity and disability from foot ulcers and amputations, is increasingly becoming a source of concern in Saudi Arabia and worldwide. However, wide variability exists in the prevalence of DPN reported in previous studies in Saudi Arabia, limiting the utility of existing data in national public health policy. Therefore, the aim of this study was to systematically evaluate the magnitude of DPN in patients living with DM in Saudi Arabia in order to inform policymakers during the implementation of appropriate preventive and treatment strategies for DPN. Methods PubMed, Google Scholar, African Journals Online, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and Wiley Online Library were searched systematically to acquire relevant articles based on preset criteria. We evaluated heterogeneity and publication bias and employed a random-effects model to estimate the pooled prevalence of DPN from the included studies. We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines in conducting the meta-analysis. Analysis was performed using the STATA Version 12 software. Results Twelve studies with a total of 4,556 participants living with DM, of whom 2,081 were identified as having DPN were included in the meta-analysis. The overall prevalence of DPN was 39% (95% CI [30%, 49%]). Subgroup analysis based on diagnostic method showed that prevalence estimates for DPN using screening questionnaires and clinical examination were 48% (95% CI [46%, 50%]) and 40% (95% CI: [38%, 42%]), respectively, while the estimated prevalence using nerve conduction studies was 26% (95% CI [15%, 36%]). Conclusion This study showed a high magnitude of DPN in Saudi Arabia (39%), thus highlighting the need for sustained efforts to reduce the prevalence of diabetes mellitus and DPN in the kingdom.

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“…1,2 The global prevalence of obesity and diabetes has increased in every country and a meta-analysis study reported a 12.6% prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Saudi Arabia. 3 The association between obesity and diabetes is very strong, as it was seen to account for 80% to 85% of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). 4 This happens because excess visceral fat accumulation is susceptible to inflammation and cytokine production that lead to dysregulation of adipokines in the body impairing insulin signaling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 1 , 2 The global prevalence of obesity and diabetes has increased in every country and a meta-analysis study reported a 12.6% prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Saudi Arabia. 3 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship of Plasma Gremlin 1 Levels with Body Adiposity and Glycemic Control in Saudi Female Type 2 Diabetes Patients

Al-Regaiey¹,

Habib²,

Alshamasi³

et al. 2022

DMSO

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Gremlin 1 is a novel adipokine that plays an important role in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In the current study, we aimed to evaluate plasma levels of Gremlin 1 in diabetic and non-diabetic Saudi adult females and its correlation with body composition, glycemic control and lipid profile. Methods: A case-control study was conducted among 41 T2DM and 31 non-diabetic adult age matched females (controls). All patients underwent body composition by bioelectrical impedance analysis, with a commercially available body analyzer. Fasting venous samples were analyzed for glycemic markers and lipids, while plasma Gremlin 1 was measured by ELISA. The results were compared between the two groups and correlated with other anthropometric and adiposity parameters. Results: Gremlin 1 levels were elevated in T2DM patients (345 ± 26 ng/mL) when compared to control subjects (272 ± 16 ng/mL, p < 0.05). Diabetic patients having poor glycemic control had significantly higher Gremlin 1 levels (382 ± 34 ng/mL) compared to patients with good glycemic control (291 ± 37 ng/mL, p < 0.05). Pearson correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation of Gremlin 1 with fat mass (r = 0.246, p = 0.012), HbA1C (r = 0.262, p = 0.008) and HOMA-IR index (r = 0.321, p = 0.001). Conclusion:Our study demonstrates an important role of Gremlin 1 in glycemic control and body adiposity in the pathophysiology of obesity and T2DM. Gremlin 1 may emerge as a promising biomarker and therapeutic target in obesity and T2DM.

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Systematic review and meta-analysis estimating the prevalence, burden, and trend of diabetes mellitus in Saudi Arabia

Cited by 3 publications

References 26 publications

Distribution Patterns of Neurography in Diabetic Neuropathy

Distribution Patterns of Neurography in Diabetic Neuropathy

Magnitude of diabetic peripheral neuropathy in Saudi Arabia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Relationship of Plasma Gremlin 1 Levels with Body Adiposity and Glycemic Control in Saudi Female Type 2 Diabetes Patients

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