Systematic Review and Meta-analysis: Salmonella spp. prevalence in vegetables and fruits

Corredor-García, Daniel; García-Pinilla, Santiago; Blanco-Lizarazo, Carla María

doi:10.1007/s11274-021-03012-7

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…However, the current rates are higher than those reported in the United States, with Salmonella detection rates of only 0.06% and 0.34% for lettuce and coriander, respectively [ 29 ]. Furthermore, no Salmonella was found in raw vegetable samples from various European Union countries, Canada, and Australia [ 11 , 30 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, numerous studies have reported the detection of Salmonella on raw fresh produce at the retail level before food preparation [ 8 , 9 , 10 ]. A meta-analysis conducted on non-typhoidal Salmonella in vegetables (packed and unpacked) indicated that leafy salad greens had a higher prevalence of this pathogen than other categories under scrutiny, with bulk/unpacked vegetables consistently exhibiting a higher pooled prevalence than packed vegetables [ 11 ]. Non-typhoidal Salmonella -induced gastroenteritis is typically a self-limiting illness characterized by fever, diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal pain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessing the Prevalence and Potential Risks of Salmonella Infection Associated with Fresh Salad Vegetable Consumption in the United Arab Emirates

Habib

Khan

Mohamed

et al. 2023

Foods

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This study aimed to investigate the occurrence and characteristics of Salmonella isolates in salad vegetables in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Out of 400 samples tested from retail, only 1.25% (95% confidence interval, 0.41–2.89) were found to be positive for Salmonella, all of which were from conventional local produce, presented at ambient temperature, and featured as loose items. The five Salmonella-positive samples were arugula (n = 3), dill (n = 1), and spinach (n = 1). The Salmonella isolates from the five samples were found to be pan-susceptible to a panel of 12 antimicrobials tested using a disc diffusion assay. Based on whole-genome sequencing (WGS) analysis, only two antimicrobial resistance genes were detected—one conferring resistance to aminoglycosides (aac(6′)-Iaa) and the other to fosfomycin (fosA7). WGS enabled the analysis of virulence determinants of the recovered Salmonella isolates from salad vegetables, revealing a range from 152 to 165 genes, collectively grouped under five categories, including secretion system, fimbrial adherence determinants, macrophage-inducible genes, magnesium uptake, and non-fimbrial adherence determinants. All isolates were found to possess genes associated with the type III secretion system (TTSS), encoded by Salmonella pathogenicity island-1 (SPI-1), but various genes associated with the second type III secretion system (TTSS-2), encoded by SPI-2, were absent in all isolates. Combining the mean prevalence of Salmonella with information regarding consumption in the UAE, an exposure of 0.0131 salmonellae consumed per person per day through transmission via salad vegetables was calculated. This exposure was used as an input in a beta-Poisson dose–response model, which estimated that there would be 10,584 cases of the Salmonella infection annually for the entire UAE population. In conclusion, salad vegetables sold in the UAE are generally safe for consumption regarding Salmonella occurrence, but occasional contamination is possible. The results of this study may be used for the future development of risk-based food safety surveillance systems in the UAE and to elaborate on the importance for producers, retailers, and consumers to follow good hygiene practices, particularly for raw food items such as leafy salad greens.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Prevalence and Potential Risks of Salmonella Infection Associated with Fresh Salad Vegetable Consumption in the United Arab Emirates

Habib

Khan

Mohamed

et al. 2023

Foods

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“…Various vegetables and fruits including citrus fruits, grapes, pomegranates, apples, dates, cabbage, strawberries, carrots, and bananas are rich in antioxidants, known for their potential in preventing chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, eye diseases, nervous system diseases, stroke, cancer, diabetes, hypertension, and blood-related diseases (Jideani et al, 2021). Nevertheless, the consumption of fresh fruits and green vegetables carries certain risks for consumers, as a wide array of these products has been associated with pathogen contamination, leading to potential human illnesses (Corredor-Garcia et al, 2021;Mostafidi et al, 2020). In the United States, an outbreak of S. Senftenberg in 2008 was traced back to imported peppers from Mexico (Aworh, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence, serotype, antimicrobial susceptibility, contamination factors, and control methods of Salmonella spp. in retail fresh fruits and vegetables: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Ma,

Dai,

Cao

et al. 2024

Comp Rev Food Sci Food Safe

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This research presents a comprehensive review of Salmonella presence in retail fresh fruits and vegetables from 2010 to 2023, utilizing data from recognized sources such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. The study incorporates a meta‐analysis of prevalence, serovar distribution, antimicrobial susceptibility, and antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). Additionally, it scrutinizes the heterogeneous sources across various food categories and geographical regions The findings show a pooled prevalence of 2.90% (95% CI: 0.0180−0.0430), with an increase from 4.63% in 2010 to 5.32% in 2022. Dominant serovars include S. Typhimurium (29.14%, 95% CI: 0.0202−0.6571) and S. Enteritidis (21.06%, 95% CI: 0.0181−0.4872). High resistance rates were noted for antimicrobials like erythromycin (60.70%, 95% CI: 0.0000−1.0000) and amoxicillin (39.92%, 95% CI: 0.0589−0.8020). The most prevalent ARGs were blaTEM (80.23%, 95% CI: 0.5736−0.9692) and parC mutation (66.67%, 95% CI: 0.3213−0.9429). Factors such as pH, water activity, and nutrient content, along with external factors like the quality of irrigation water and prevailing climatic conditions, have significant implications on Salmonella contamination. Nonthermal sterilization technologies, encompassing chlorine dioxide, ozone, and ultraviolet light, are emphasized as efficacious measures to control Salmonella. This review stresses the imperative need to bolster prevention strategies and control measures against Salmonella in retail fresh fruits and vegetables to alleviate related food safety risks.

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“…Salmonella is a rod-shaped, Gram-negative facultative anaerobe that belongs to the family Enterobacteriaceae [1]. It is a major worldwide public health concern, accounting for 93.8 million foodborne illnesses and 155,000 deaths per year [2]. Salmonella can cause a variety of diseases, such as gastroenteritis, enteric fever (typhoid), and bacteraemia, depending on the serotype and host [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Visible Range Electromagnetic Radiation on Salmonella (Causative Agent of Typhoid)

S. T. Y. Azeemi,

S. Azeemi,

M. Arif

et al. 2023

PJS

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Salmonella is the agent responsible for a range of clinical diseases. With emerging antimicrobial resistance, alternative treatment options, including visible range radiation therapy are becoming increasingly common. Visible Range Radiation Therapy/Color Therapy is an emerging technique in the field of energy/vibrational medicine that uses visible spectrum of Electromagnetic Radiation to cure different diseases. In this study, our goal was to understand the effect of Visible Range Electromagnetic Radiation on Salmonella (in vitro) and therefore find out the

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Systematic Review and Meta-analysis: Salmonella spp. prevalence in vegetables and fruits

Cited by 11 publications

References 34 publications

Assessing the Prevalence and Potential Risks of Salmonella Infection Associated with Fresh Salad Vegetable Consumption in the United Arab Emirates

Assessing the Prevalence and Potential Risks of Salmonella Infection Associated with Fresh Salad Vegetable Consumption in the United Arab Emirates

Prevalence, serotype, antimicrobial susceptibility, contamination factors, and control methods of Salmonella spp. in retail fresh fruits and vegetables: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Effect of Visible Range Electromagnetic Radiation on Salmonella (Causative Agent of Typhoid)

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