Systematic review of dementia prevalence and incidence in United States race/ethnic populations

Mehta, Kala M.; Yeo, Gwen

doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2016.06.2360

Cited by 335 publications

(311 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Exposure to high BP raised the risk for lower cognitive performance uniformly across sex and Latino backgrounds. This consistency is noteworthy given the mixed reports in the literature [17, 18, 22, 51], and the differential risk distribution of both cardiovascular health [23, 42, 52, 53] and NC function and disorders [42, 54, 55] by sex and background.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Blood Pressure and Hispanic/Latino Cognitive Function: Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos Results

Tarraf

Rodríguez

Daviglus

et al. 2017

JAD

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Abstract.Background: Hispanics/Latinos are at increased risk for cardiovascular disease and cognitive decline and dementias. High blood pressure (BP) has been implicated in both stroke and dementias. Associations between BP and cognition among diverse Latinos are still unpublished. Objective: We examined associations between cognition and four BP based measures among diverse Hispanics/Latinos. We hypothesized that higher BP, particularly systolic pressure, and increased arterial stiffness (i.e., pulse pressure), would be associated with lower cognitive function. Methods: We used baseline (2008-2011) Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL; n = 9,019; ages 45-74 years) data to examine cognition in relation to BP measures. Results: In age, sex, and education adjusted models, systolic, pulse, and mean arterial pressure were consistently negatively associated with executive function, psychomotor speed and sustained attention, verbal episodic learning and memory, speech fluency, and mental status measures. These associations were attenuated but remained statistically significant in fully adjusted models. Conclusion: Among middle-aged and older diverse Hispanics/Latinos, we found modest but consistent associations between indicators of arterial stiffness, and compromised blood flow and lower cognitive function. Clinical management and public health interventions to raise awareness and enhance BP management beginning in midlife could reduce disparities and improve population health by reducing cognitive decline burdens.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Blood Pressure and Hispanic/Latino Cognitive Function: Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos Results

Tarraf

Rodríguez

Daviglus

et al. 2017

JAD

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“…In addition, home and institutional care of AD patients represents an economic challenge, since many families struggle to afford the necessary care [6]. Therefore, the burden of disease that AD represents goes beyond the patient, since it indirectly affects caregivers’ health and their economic stability [6, 7]. Based on these aspects, the quality of AD care and treatment is influenced by social disparities within the US population, especially when the prevalence of AD is higher among Blacks and Latinos.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unfortunately, twelve percent of older adults in the Latino/Hispanics population are diagnosed with AD, the highest proportion among different ethnic groups in the US [6, 7, 10, 11]. Therefore, there is a need to understand and develop strategies to address the Latino/Hispanics health disparity in AD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alzheimer’s Disease in the Latino Community: Intersection of Genetics and Social Determinants of Health

Vega

Cabrera

Wygant

et al. 2017

JAD

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia among individuals 65 or older. There are more than 5 million diagnosed cases in the US alone and this number is expected to triple by 2050. Therefore, AD has reached epidemic proportions with significant socioeconomic implications. While aging in general is the greatest risk factor for AD, several additional demographic factors that have contributed to the rise in AD in the US are under study. One such factor is associated with the relatively fast growth of the Latino population. Several reports indicate that AD is more prevalent among blacks and Latinos. However, the reason for AD disparity among different ethnic groups is still poorly understood and highly controversial. The Latino population is composed of different groups based on nationality, namely South and Central America, Mexico, and Caribbean Hispanics. This diversity among the Latino population represents an additional challenge since there are distinct characteristics associated with AD and comorbidities. In this review, we aim to bring attention to the intersection between social determinants of health and genetic factors associated with AD within the Latino community. We argue that understanding the interplay between identified social determinants of health, co-morbidities, and genetic factors could lead to community empowerment and inclusiveness in research and healthcare services, contributing to improved diagnosis and treatment of AD patients. Lastly, we propose that inserting a neuroethics perspective could help understand key challenges that influence healthcare disparities and contribute to increased risk of AD among Latinos.

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“…This is partially related to the higher incidence of dementia and AD [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] as well as increased severity of symptoms in African Americans [8][9][10]. For example, 21% of African Americans aged 71 years and older have AD relative to only 11% of Caucasians [11], and first degree relatives of African Americans with AD have a higher risk than Caucasians [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurodegenerative Markers are Increased in Postmortem BA21 Tissue from African Americans with Alzheimer’s Disease

Ferguson

Panos

Sloper

et al. 2017

JAD

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Abstract.Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) presents with an earlier onset age and increased symptom severity in African Americans and Hispanics. Objective: Although the prevalence of plaques and tangles may not exhibit ethnicity-related differences, levels of neurodegenerative proteins have not been described. Methods: Here, levels of five proteins (i.e., S100B, sRAGE, GDNF, A␤ 40 , and A␤ 42 ) and the A␤ 42 /A␤ 40 ratio were measured in postmortem samples of the middle temporal gyrus (BA21) from age-matched African Americans and Caucasians with AD (n = 6/gender/ethnicity). Results: S100B levels were increased 17% in African Americans (p < 0.003) while sRAGE was mildly decreased (p < 0.09). A␤ 42 levels were increased 121% in African Americans (p < 0.02), leading to a 493% increase in the A␤ 42 /A␤ 40 ratio (p < 0.002). Analysis of GDNF levels did not indicate any significant effects. There were no significant effects of gender and no significant ethnicity with gender interactions on any analyte. Effect size calculations indicated "medium" to "very large" effects. Conclusion: S100B is typically elevated in AD cases; however, the increased levels in African Americans here may be indicative of increased severity in specific populations. Increased A␤ 42 /A␤ 40 ratios in the current study are compatible with increased disease severity and might indicate increased AD pathogenesis in African Americans. Overall, these results are compatible with a hypothesis of increased neuroinflammation in African Americans with AD.

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Systematic review of dementia prevalence and incidence in United States race/ethnic populations

Cited by 335 publications

References 58 publications

Blood Pressure and Hispanic/Latino Cognitive Function: Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos Results

Blood Pressure and Hispanic/Latino Cognitive Function: Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos Results

Alzheimer’s Disease in the Latino Community: Intersection of Genetics and Social Determinants of Health

Neurodegenerative Markers are Increased in Postmortem BA21 Tissue from African Americans with Alzheimer’s Disease

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