Systematic review of gut microbiota and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

Sukmajaya, Alverina Cynthia; Soetjipto,; Setiawati, Yunias

doi:10.1186/s12991-021-00330-w

Cited by 47 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Although previous gut microbiome analyses on ADHD have mainly focused on pediatric samples [20,23,[26][27][28] and there is limited research on adults [22,24,], we focused our study on adulthood ADHD. Nevertheless, given that the gut microbiome evolves throughout the lifespan [16,52,53,], whether early-life exposure to environmental risk factors contributes to the gut microbiota and impacts neurodevelopment and mental health outcomes later in life remain to be investigated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consistently, an increasing number of studies have shown gut microbiome alterations in neurodevelopmental disorders [14][15][16][17][18][19]. For ADHD, an increasing number of studies have reported that the gut microbial diversity, bacterial composition, and/or relative abundance of several bacterial taxa differ between patients and healthy controls [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28]. Although not confirmed by others [20,22,27,], some studies found differences in microbiota alpha [23,28,] or beta diversity [23,24,] in ADHD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

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Gut microbiota signature in treatment-naïve attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

et al. 2021

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Compelling evidence supports alterations in gut microbial diversity, bacterial composition, and/or relative abundance of several bacterial taxa in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, findings for ADHD are inconsistent among studies, and specific gut microbiome signatures for the disorder remain unknown. Given that previous studies have mainly focused on the pediatric form of the disorder and involved small sample sizes, we conducted the largest study to date to compare the gastrointestinal microbiome composition in 100 medication-naïve adults with ADHD and 100 sex-matched healthy controls. We found evidence that ADHD subjects have differences in the relative abundance of several microbial taxa. At the family level, our data support a lower relative abundance of Gracilibacteraceae and higher levels of Selenomonadaceae and Veillonellaceae in adults with ADHD. In addition, the ADHD group showed higher levels of Dialister and Megamonas and lower abundance of Anaerotaenia and Gracilibacter at the genus level. All four selected genera explained 15% of the variance of ADHD, and this microbial signature achieved an overall sensitivity of 74% and a specificity of 71% for distinguishing between ADHD patients and healthy controls. We also tested whether the selected genera correlate with age, body mass index (BMI), or scores of the ADHD rating scale but found no evidence of correlation between genera relative abundance and any of the selected traits. These results are in line with recent studies supporting gut microbiome alterations in neurodevelopment disorders, but further studies are needed to elucidate the role of the gut microbiota on the ADHD across the lifespan and its contribution to the persistence of the disorder from childhood to adulthood.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Gut microbiota signature in treatment-naïve attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

et al. 2021

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“… 10 Many studies have shown that gut microbiota has a specific structure in neuropsychiatric diseases. Preliminary studies have explored the relationship between gut microbiota and psychiatric disorders such as depression, 11 autism, 12 Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), 13 and eating disorders. 14 Gut microbiota is expected to be a new target for the treatment of psychosomatic diseases.The etiology and mechanism of various mental diseases are unknown, and the application of gut microbiota in mental diseases is still in its initial stage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association Between Non-Suicidal Self-Injury and Gut Microbial Characteristics in Chinese Adolescent

Cai¹,

Wang²,

Hou³

et al. 2022

NDT

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Purpose By exploring the gut-related microbiota differences of adolescents with non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and depression (without NSSI) and healthy volunteers, we provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of NSSI in adolescents through intestinal microecological regulation. Patients and Methods A total of 99 subjects were recruited in Guangdong Province, China, including 51 adolescents with NSSI (KD), 24 healthy adolescents (NOR1), and 24 depression adolescents without NSSI (NOR2). General clinical data and fecal samples were collected from all subjects, who were assessed using the NSSI Behavioral Questionnaire and the 24-item Hamilton Depression Scale. The taxonomic composition of the gut microbiota was determined using the 16S rDNA gene sequencing method. Results There were significant differences in diversity between the KD and NOR1, and the species uniformity index of the KD according to the Shannon and Simpson indices was significantly reduced compared with that of the NOR1 (4.81 vs 5.21, p<0.01; 0.02 vs 0.01, p<0.05). The relative abundances were different among the KD, NOR1 and NOR2, as reflected at the taxonomic levels of class, order, family, genus, and species. Bacteroides were the dominant flora of the KD and NOR2, while Mitsuokella was the dominant flora that distinguished the KD from the NOR2. Conclusion We found that gut microbiota diversity was decreased in adolescents with NSSI, and the relative abundance was altered at different taxonomic levels. These results enrich the understanding of the relationship between NSSI and depression and the gut microbiota, Supporting that NSSI and depression are not homologous disorders. What is more, it establishes the basis for exploring the mechanisms of flora action in NSSI, providing a possible direction for NSSI to achieve a better prognosis and prevent relapse.

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“…Caution should be used when comparing out results to those of previous studies. There is heterogeneity between previous studies regarding the sample size, study design, drug-naive status and technology applied for microbiome sequencing and cytokine analysis [ 3 , 75 ]. Further research is required to determine whether our findings can be extrapolated to other populations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut microbiota and plasma cytokine levels in patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Wang

et al. 2022

Transl Psychiatry

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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common childhood mental disorder with undetermined pathophysiological mechanisms. The gut microbiota and immunological dysfunction may influence brain functions and social behaviours. In the current study, we aimed to explore the correlation of gut microbiome imbalance and inflammation in the pathophysiology of ADHD. Forty-one children with ADHD and thirty-nine healthy-control (HC) individuals were recruited. Faecal samples from all participants were collected and submitted for 16 S rRNA V3–V4 amplicon microbiome sequencing analysis. The plasma levels of 10 cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17A, IFN-α2, IFN-γ, and MCP-1, were determined using a custom-made sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) developed by Luminex Flowmetrix. There was no significant difference between the ADHD and HC groups in species diversity in the faeces, as determined with α-diversity and β-diversity analysis. In the ADHD group, three differentially abundant taxonomic clades at the genus level were observed, namely Agathobacter, Anaerostipes, and Lachnospiraceae. Top differentially abundant bacteria and representative biological pathways were identified in children with ADHD using linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe), and the phylogenetic investigation of communities by reconstruction of unobserved states (PICRUSt) analysis, respectively. The plasma levels of TNF-α were significantly lower in children with ADHD than in HCs. Within the ADHD group, the levels of TNF-α were negatively correlated with ADHD symptoms and diversity of the gut microbiome. Our study provides new insights into the association between gut microbiome dysbiosis and immune dysregulation, which may contribute to the pathophysiology of ADHD.

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Systematic review of gut microbiota and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

Cited by 47 publications

References 49 publications

Gut microbiota signature in treatment-naïve attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Gut microbiota signature in treatment-naïve attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Association Between Non-Suicidal Self-Injury and Gut Microbial Characteristics in Chinese Adolescent

Gut microbiota and plasma cytokine levels in patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

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