Systematic Review of Herbal Tea (a Traditional Chinese Treatment Method) in the Therapy of Chronic Simple Pharyngitis and Preliminary Exploration about Its Medication Rules

Li, Chengxian; Wu, Fucang; Yuan, Weiling; Ding, Qi; Wang, Min; Zhang, QingQing; Ju, Zhang; Xing, Jingyu; Wang, Shang

doi:10.1155/2019/9458676

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Although there are many antibiotics, glucocorticoids, and NSAIDs that can inhibit the exacerbation of pharyngitis, the side effects of these drugs can be significant to the point of intolerability over extended periods of use. At present, the treatment of CP with TCM is a popular and acceptable curative treatment [13,31,32]. TCM has relatively limited side-effects, does not adversely impact the microbiome, is inexpensive, and is thus a good candidate for long-term treatment, in comparison with antibiotics.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, extended treatment of CP with drugs such as aspirin or dexamethasone could cause gastric mucosal, liver, or kidney damage as well as other side effects that are not tolerable. According to prior studies, many traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) have a beneficial role in CP, with the potential to reduce excessive inflammatory progression and restore throat tissue homeostasis [13,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anti-inflammatory effect of Ganluyin, a Chinese classic prescription, in chronic pharyngitis rat model

Chen

Luo

Lei

et al. 2020

BMC Complement Med Ther

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Background: Ganluyin (GLY) is a famous classical prescription with a long history of use as a treatment for inflammatory conditions such as chronic pharyngitis (CP) in many parts of China. However, it has not been developed as a modern pharmaceutic and its anti-inflammatory mechanisms remain unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the anti-inflammatory efficacy of GLY and potential mechanisms in a rat model of CP. Methods: The chemical profile of GLY was analyzed by HPLC-UV. We used a mouse model of ear edema and a rat model of paw edema. Specifically, xylene was used to induce edema on the surface of one ear in mice, and carrageenan was injected subcutaneously into the right hind paws of rats to induce paw edema. The paw thickness, ear weight, and ear perfusion were measured and recorded. The CP model in rats was induced by irritating the throat with 5% ammonia and was used to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of GLY. Levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were measured by ELISA in serum, and protein expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and nuclear factor kappa-B p65 (NF-κB p65) in the throat were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot to evaluate the anti-inflammatory mechanism of GLY. Hematological assays were also conducted. Results: There were four flavonoids identified in GLY: naringin, neohesperidin, baicalin, and wogonoside. The oral administration of GLY showed a significant inhibitory effect on xylene-induced ear swelling and ear blood flow in mice and significantly ameliorated rat right hind paw edema at doses of 6.2 and 12.4 g/kg. Mechanistic studies found that the anti-inflammatory activity of GLY was related to the inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and PGE2 and that GLY reduced the expression of COX-2 and NF-κB p65 proteins in the throat, attenuated throat injury, and reduced inflammatory exudates. Hematological analysis showed that treatment with GLY prevented increases in white blood cell (WBC), neutrophil (NEUT), lymphocyte (LYMPH) and monocyte (MONO) levels.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-inflammatory effect of Ganluyin, a Chinese classic prescription, in chronic pharyngitis rat model

Chen

Luo

Lei

et al. 2020

BMC Complement Med Ther

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“…The applicability of the present review could be questioned in the fields of nutrients. Herbal materials are derived from plants, and many such substances are part of both food supplements and nutraceuticals as well as medicinal products [ 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 ]. In the US, regulatory bodies such as FDA governing plant-based medicines usually regard them as dietary supplements [ 35 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Herbal Medicine for Behçet’s Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

et al. 2020

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Patients with Behçet’s disease often use complementary and alternative medicine for treating their symptoms, and herbal medicine is one of the options. This systematic review provides updated clinical evidence of the effectiveness of herbal medicine for the treatment of Behçet’s disease (BD). We searched eleven electronic databases from inception to March 2020. All randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or quasi-RCTs of BD treatment with herbal medicine decoctions were included. We used the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions to assess the risk of bias and the grading of recommendations assessment, development and evaluation (GRADE) approach to assess the certainty of evidence (CoE). Albatross plot was also used to present the direction of effect observed. Eight studies were included. The risk of bias was unclear or low. The methodological quality was low or very low. Seven RCTs showed significant effects of herbal medicine on the total response rate (Risk ratio, RR 1.26, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.45, seven studies, very low CoE). Four RCTs showed favorable effects of herbal medicine on the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) level compared with drug therapy. Herbal medicine favorably affected the ESR (MD −5.56, 95% CI −9.99 to −1.12, p = 0.01, I2 = 96%, five studies, very low CoE). However, herbal medicine did not have a superior effect on CRP. Two RCTs reported that herbal medicine significantly decreased the recurrence rate after three months of follow-up (RR 0.23, 95% CI 0.09 to 0.63, two studies, low CoE). Our findings suggest that herbal medicine is effective in treating BD. However, the included studies had a poor methodological quality and some limitations. Well-designed clinical trials with large sample sizes are needed.

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“…Dialectical theory of TCM is used to treat acute and chronic pharyngitis and has unique advantages such as minor toxic side effects, obvious curative effect and treatment of both symptoms and root causes. [2][3][4] The pharmacological effects of TCM herbal formulae play an important role in their appropriate application. However, the complex nature of herbal formulae has impeded this understanding.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanism of Yinqin Oral Liquid in the Treatment of Chronic Pharyngitis Based on Network Pharmacology

Ji¹,

Xu²,

Zhu³

et al. 2021

DDDT

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Background: Yinqin oral liquid (YOL) has curative effect for upper respiratory tract infections, especially for chronic pharyngitis (CP). Since the traditional Chinese herbal formulae are complicated, the pharmacological mechanism of YOL remains unclear. The aim of this work was to explore the active ingredients and mechanisms of YOL against CP. Methods: First, the profile of putative target of YOL was predicted based on structural and functional similarities of all available YOL components, which were obtained from the Drug Bank database, to the known drugs using TCMSP. The chemical constituents and targets of honeysuckle, scutellaria, bupleurum and cicada were searched by TCMSP, CTD, GeneCards and other databases were used to query the CP-related genes, which were searched by UniProt database. Thereafter, the interactions network between compounds and overlapping genes was constructed, visualized, and analyzed by Cytoscape software. Finally, pathway enrichment analysis of overlapping genes was carried out on Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) platform. Results:The pathway enrichment analysis showed 55 compounds and 113 corresponding targets in the compound-target network, and the key targets involved PTGS1, ESR2, GSK3β, NCOA2, ESR1. The PPI core network contained 30 proteins, including VEGFA, IL6, ESR1, RELA and HIF1A. A total of 148 GO items were obtained (p<0.05), 102 entries on biological process (BP), 34 entries on biological process (BP) and 12 entries on cell composition (CC) were included. A total of 46 signaling pathways were obtained by KEGG pathway enrichment screening (p<0.05), involving cancer, PI3K-AKT, hepatitis, proteoglycans, p53, HIF-1 signaling pathways. Conclusion: These results collectively indicate YOL (including the main ingredients luteolin and baicalein) as a highly effective therapeutic agent for anti-inflammation, through the NF-kB pathway.

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Systematic Review of Herbal Tea (a Traditional Chinese Treatment Method) in the Therapy of Chronic Simple Pharyngitis and Preliminary Exploration about Its Medication Rules

Cited by 16 publications

References 45 publications

Anti-inflammatory effect of Ganluyin, a Chinese classic prescription, in chronic pharyngitis rat model

Anti-inflammatory effect of Ganluyin, a Chinese classic prescription, in chronic pharyngitis rat model

Herbal Medicine for Behçet’s Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Mechanism of Yinqin Oral Liquid in the Treatment of Chronic Pharyngitis Based on Network Pharmacology

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