Systematic review of Internet of Things in smart farming

Abstract

Agriculture unquestionably is one of the traditional occupations, which feeds all mankind in the world. Continuous changes are happening in the agricultural field to increase production. Researchers are applying various techniques to improve farming methods. To monitor plants even from remote places and to improve the yield of plants, Internet of Things (IoT), which is a boon in today's world, is applied in farming, in general, known as smart farming. Smart farming is a way where the farmers can monitor their field and manage farming activities from remote places. This reduces man power and increases resource utilization in farming. In this article, we have studied the architecture of smart farming and studied different smart farming techniques, also we have classified smart farming techniques into three categories, namely, IoT-based agricultural monitoring and controlling system, automatic irrigation system, and plant disease monitoring system. The review for the article is selected based on the systematic literature review method, and articles published from 2011 to 2019 are considered for review. Different IoT technologies such as sensors, gateway, communication system, user interface and experiment nature, plant type, disease type, advantages, and limitations are also reviewed. Future research direction and challenges in smart farming techniques are also discussed. Trans Emerging Tel Tech. 2020;31:e3958. wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/ett Atzori et al 16 presented a survey on IoT techniques. In this article, the architecture, applications, and challenges of IoT technologies were discussed. Various environmental and agricultural monitoring applications were discussed. Zhang et al 17 projected various agricultural data transmission methods in his review article, namely, voice information transmission, short message service (SMS) information transmission, online information transmission, video conference information transmission, and multichannel-based information transmission techniques. Case studies, features, applications, examples, and limitations of various information transmission techniques were discussed. Kamilaris et al 18 projected survey on big data analysis in agriculture. In this article, 34 agriculture works were considered for the study and different features such as tools applied, big data algorithm used, problem and proposed solution implemented, and data used were discussed. The type of plants and experimental duration and advantages and limitation of algorithms were missing. Talavera et al 14 reviewed IoT applications in environment and agroindustrial system. The authors discussed about various IoT techniques involved in monitoring, communication, logistics, energy and resource management in environment monitoring, and agroindustrial system. In this study, the authors approached all the IoT techniques with following two questions: what is the primary technical solution of IoT in environmental monitoring and agroindustrial system and which methodology and IoT components such as sensors, actuato...

A Bibliometric Network Analysis of Recent Publications on Digital Agriculture to Depict Strategic Themes and Evolution Structure

“…Several studies have revised the changes and revolutions that have occurred in the field of agriculture to understand the effects of technology adoption and its potential to deal with challenges related to food production for the current and future generations. Kim et al (2019) and Raparelli and Bajocco (2019) [ 18 , 19 ] performed bibliometric analyses on the use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) in agriculture, and Terence and Purushothaman (2020) and Navarro et al (2020) [ 20 , 21 ] systematically reviewed the use of IoT in smart farms. In addition, previously published studies explored the use of Machine Learning (ML) techniques [ 22 , 23 , 24 ], geospatial technology [ 25 ], and big data for smart farming [ 26 , 27 ].…”

LoRaWAN security issues and mitigation options by the example of agricultural IoT scenarios

“…In this article, we take conventional crop farming as our exemplary IoT use case, as we see both a trend in increasing offers for crop farming specific smart devices and also an increasing demand for high efficient production that requires modern technologies, like IoT networks deployed in large areas. In the following, we list specifics building on contributions of multiple publications, 16,21‐30 where (a), (b), (c) are rather relevant for the success and applicability of attacks and (d), (e) are rather influencing the motivation of adversaries: Physically accessible devices When looking at the surveillance of sensor/actuator units set up on the area of operation (agricultural fields), the majority of these EDs must be considered unsupervised without specific safety mechanisms, that is, an attacker might easily access and modify it 22 Area of operation We have to deal with potentially large areas between connected devices, as this is may be one reason to choose LoRaWAN.…”

“…In this article, we take conventional crop farming as our exemplary IoT use case, as we see both a trend in increasing offers for crop farming specific smart devices and also an increasing demand for high efficient production that requires modern technologies, like IoT networks deployed in large areas. In the following, we list specifics building on contributions of multiple publications, 16,[21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] where (a), (b), (c) are rather relevant for the success and applicability of attacks and (d), (e) are rather influencing the motivation of adversaries:…”

A Systematic Review of Current Trends in Artificial Intelligence for Smart Farming to Enhance Crop Yield

“…Many studies have reviewed Smart Farming. Terence and Purushothaman [36] focus on Smart Farming techniques and categorize agricultural techniques in IoT-based agricultural control and monitoring systems, plant diseases, and automatic irrigation systems.…”