Systematic Review of the Diagnostic Validity of Brief Cognitive Screenings for Early Dementia Detection in Spanish-Speaking Adults in Latin America

Custodio, Nilton; Duque, Lissette; Montesinos, Rosa; Alva-Díaz, Carlos; Mellado, M; Slachevsky, Andrea

doi:10.3389/fnagi.2020.00270

Cited by 25 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 84 publications

(192 reference statements)

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“…For the cognitive assessment, we elected the T-MoCa, which has shown important indicators of sensitivity and specificity for cognitive alterations [18] and an important concurrent validity with the full version [22]. In Latin America, the MoCa test is the more frequently brief cognitive test used in clinical settings [23]. It contains 5 items that assess memory, fluency, and orientation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Dementia and Associated Factors among Older Adults in Latin America during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Soto‐Añari

Camargo

Ramos‐Henderson

et al. 2021

Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord Extra

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Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a great impact on cognitive health in Latin American older adults, increasing the risk of cognitive impairment and dementia. Our objective was to analyze the prevalence of dementia and the associated factors in Latin American older adults during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Methods: A multicentric first phase cross-sectional observational study was conducted during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Five thousand two hundred and forty-five Latin American adults over 60 years of age were studied in 10 countries: Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Guatemala, Mexico, Peru, the Dominican Republic, and Venezuela. We used the telephone version of Montreal Cognitive Assessment, the “Alzheimer Disease 8” scale for functional and cognitive changes, and the abbreviated version of the Yesavage depression scale. We also asked for sociodemographic and lockdown data. All the evaluation was made by telephone. Cross-tabulations and χ2 tests were used to determine the variability of the prevalence of impairment by sociodemographic characteristics and binary logistic regression to assess the association between dementia and sociodemographic factors. Results: We observed that the prevalence of dementia in Latin America is 15.6%, varying depending on the country (Argentine = 7.83 and Bolivia = 28.5%). The variables most associated with dementia were race and age. It does not seem to be associated with the pandemic but with social and socio-health factors. Conclusion: The prevalence of dementia shows a significant increase in Latin America, attributable to a constellation of ethnic, demographic, and socioeconomic factors.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Dementia and Associated Factors among Older Adults in Latin America during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Soto‐Añari

Camargo

Ramos‐Henderson

et al. 2021

Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord Extra

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“…The MMSE and IFS were selected given their utility among persons with educational levels of at least primary school and have been used widely among Spanish-speaking older adults ( 45 ). Moreover, the Peruvian Spanish version of the MMSE has been found to be highly sensitive and specific when comparing dementia vs. SCD (sensitivity 91%, specificity 75%) and dementia vs. MCI (sensitivity 87%, specificity 75%) among Peruvians living in Lima, Peru ( 46 , 47 ). The MMSE is a brief cognitive screening tool that evaluates orientation (in time and space), immediate recall (or 3-word recall), attention and calculation, delayed recall, language (naming, repetition, reading, writing, performing verbal commands) and constructive praxis.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thyroid Dysfunction, Vitamin B12, and Folic Acid Deficiencies Are Not Associated With Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults in Lima, Peru

Diaz

Custodio

Montesinos

et al. 2021

Front. Public Health

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Background: Reversible etiologies of cognitive impairment are common and treatable, yet the majority of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia research in Latin America has focused on irreversible, neurodegenerative etiologies.Objective: We sought to determine if thyroid dysfunction and vitamin B12 and folate deficiencies are associated with cognitive disorders among older adults with memory complaints in Lima, Peru.Methods: This was a retrospective review of patients who presented for cognitive evaluations to a multidisciplinary neurology clinic in Lima, Peru from January 2014 to February 2020. We included individuals aged ≥60 years, native Spanish-speakers, with at least a primary school educational level and a complete clinical assessment. Patients had either subjective cognitive decline (SCD), MCI, or dementia. One-way ANOVA and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed.Results: We included 720 patients (330 SCD, 154 MCI, and 236 dementia); the dementia group was significantly older [mean age SCD 69.7 ± 4.1, dementia 72.4 ± 3.7 (p = 0.000)] and had lower folate levels than SCD patients. The MCI group had higher free T3 levels compared with SCD patients. Those with lower TSH had greater dementia risk (OR = 2.91, 95%CI: 1.15–6.86) but not MCI risk in unadjusted models. B12 deficiency or borderline B12 deficiency was present in 34% of the dementia group, yet no clear correlation was seen between neuropsychological test results and B12 levels in our study. There was no association between MCI or dementia and thyroid hormone, B12 nor folate levels in adjusted models.Conclusion: Our findings do not support an association between metabolic and endocrine disorders and cognitive impairment in older Peruvians from Lima despite a high prevalence of B12 deficiency. Future work may determine if cognitive decline is associated with metabolic or endocrine changes in Latin America.

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“…Unmeasured epidemiological variables that contribute to heterogeneity may also exist. Likewise, diagnostic tests reflect knowledge of the historical and cultural context [43]; therefore, it would be significant to have cultural adaptations of each instrument to obtain a more accurate prevalence of cognitive impairment [44].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Cognitive Impairment and Dementia in Older Adults Living at High Altitude: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Urrunaga-Pastor

Chambergo‐Michilot

Runzer-Colmenares

et al. 2021

Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord

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Introduction: Dementia is a chronic disease with a variable prevalence throughout the world; however, this could be higher at high-altitude populations. We aimed to summarize the prevalence of cognitive impairment and dementia in older adults living at high altitude. Methods: We searched in PubMed, Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase and included the studies published from inception to July 20, 2020, with no language restriction, which reported the frequency of cognitive impairment or dementia in older adults living at high-altitude populations. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed to calculate the overall prevalence and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) of cognitive impairment and dementia. The risk of bias was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) adapted for cross-sectional studies. Results: Six studies were included (3,724 participants), and 5 of the 6 included studies were carried out in Latin America. The altitude ranged from 1,783 to 3,847 m, the proportion of women included varied from 38.7 to 65.6%, and the proportion of participants with elementary or illiterate educational level ranged from 71.7 to 97.6%. The overall prevalence of cognitive impairment was 22.0% (95% CI: 8–40, I2: 99%), and the overall prevalence of dementia was 11.0% (95% CI: 6–17, I2: 92%). In a subgroup analysis according to the instrument used to evaluate cognitive impairment, the prevalence of cognitive impairment was 21.0% (95% CI: 5–42, I2: 99%) in the MMSE group while the prevalence was 29.0% (95% CI: 0–78) in the non-MMSE group. Conclusions: The prevalence of cognitive impairment and dementia in older adults living at high altitude is almost twice the number reported in some world regions.

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Systematic Review of the Diagnostic Validity of Brief Cognitive Screenings for Early Dementia Detection in Spanish-Speaking Adults in Latin America

Cited by 25 publications

References 84 publications

Prevalence of Dementia and Associated Factors among Older Adults in Latin America during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Prevalence of Dementia and Associated Factors among Older Adults in Latin America during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Thyroid Dysfunction, Vitamin B12, and Folic Acid Deficiencies Are Not Associated With Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults in Lima, Peru

Prevalence of Cognitive Impairment and Dementia in Older Adults Living at High Altitude: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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