Systematic Review of the Literature About the Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Lives of School Children

Abstract

Background: The year 2020 has been marked by the emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This virus has reached many countries and has paralyzed the lives of many people who have been forced to stay at home in confinement. There have been many studies that have sought to analyze the impact of this pandemic from different perspectives; however, this study will pay attention to how it has affected and how it may affect children between 0 and 12 years in the future after the closure of schools for months. Objective: The objective of this article is to learn about the research carried out on the child population in times of confinement, especially those dealing with the psychological and motor aspects of minors. Methods: To carry out this systematic review, the PRISMA statement has been followed to achieve an adequate and organized structure of the manuscript. The bibliography has been searched in the Web of Science (WOS), Scopus, and Dialnet databases, using as keywords: “COVID-19” and “Children.” The criteria that were established for the selection of the articles were (1) articles focusing on an age of up to 12 years, (2) papers relating COVID-19 to children, and (3) studies analyzing the psychological and motor characteristics of children during confinement. Results: A total of nine manuscripts related to the psychological and motor factors in children under 12 have been found. The table presenting the results includes the authors, title, place of publication, and key ideas of the selected manuscripts. Conclusion: After concluding the systematic review, it has been detected that there are few studies that have focused their attention on the psychological, motor, or academic problems that can occur to minors after a situation of these characteristics. Similarly, a small number of studies have been found that promote actions at the family and school level to reverse this situation when life returns to normal. These results may be useful for future studies that seek to expand the information according to the evolution of the pandemic.

Analysis and Psychoeducational Implications of the Behavior Factor During the COVID-19 Emergency

“…How the COVID-19 experience is affecting processes of academic and scholastic learning . This involves analyzing the causes and effects of different forms of learning ( Cachón-Zagalaz et al, 2020 ). Well-adjusted use of technology in the teaching-learning process, its effect, and associated emotionality are important.…”

The Psychological State of Teachers During the COVID-19 Crisis: The Challenge of Returning to Face-to-Face Teaching

“…The pandemic has not only affected the mental state of students ( Cachón-Zagalaz et al, 2020 ), since teachers have also accumulated a high level of stress since the beginning of the crisis. Recent studies have pointed out that during lockdown, teachers have suffered stress from having to adapt (in record time) in order to provide online classes ( Besser et al, 2020 ).…”

Parents’ Perceptions of Student Academic Motivation During the COVID-19 Lockdown: A Cross-Country Comparison

“…Home confinement and temporary school closures have also affected educational systems worldwide (Reimers and Schleicher, 2020;World Bank Group, 2020). The transition to distance learning placed a heavy strain on teachers, students, and their parents (Cachón-Zagalaz et al, 2020;Hiraoka and Tomoda, 2020). The rapid shift in the delivery mode of instruction and an uncertain future may have led students to experience considerable challenges in maintaining their academic motivation.…”