Systematic review of the nature of nursing care described by using the Caring Behaviours Inventory

Romero‐Martín, Macarena; Gómez‐Salgado, Juan; Robles-Romero, José Miguel; Jiménez-Picón, Nerea; Gómez‐Urquiza, José Luis; Ponce-Blandón, José Antonio

doi:10.1111/jocn.15015

Cited by 35 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The perception of patients differs from that of nurses; patients perceive a lower level of personal care than the one nurses believe that they deliver. Caring behaviors are affected by the working environment, nurses’ emotional intelligence and coping skills, and socio-demographic characteristics [ 2 ]. In fact, the perceived care in the nurse-patient relationship is high and instrumental in nature, and it can be stated that nurses consider that through their behaviors they transmit more care than the users perceive they receive [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social Image of Nursing. An Integrative Review about a Yet Unknown Profession

et al. 2021

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Background: Nursing is a discipline on which stereotypes have persisted throughout its history, considering itself a feminine profession and subordinated to the medical figure, without its own field of competence. All this leads to an image of the Nursing Profession that moves away from reality, constituting a real, relevant and high-impact problem that prevents professional expansion, and that has a direct impact on social trust, the allocation of resources and quality of care, as well as wages and professional satisfaction. The aim of this review was to identify and publicize the published material on the social image of Nursing, providing updated information about the different approaches to the subject. Methods: An integrative review of the literature has been made from primary sources of information published from 2010 to 2020. For this, the databases CINAHL, Scopus, SciELO, Dialnet and Cuiden have been consulted. Results: In total, 17 articles have been included in the review, with qualitative, quantitative, and even bibliographic reviews performed in countries such as Spain, Egypt, Argentina, Iran, Venezuela, Turkey, United Kingdom, and Australia. The results of those papers mostly showed that society has misinformation about the functions performed by nursing professionals, which is based on myths and stereotypes. Conclusions: Nursing is a profoundly unknown and invisible profession, as society continues without recognizing its competence, autonomy and independence.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social Image of Nursing. An Integrative Review about a Yet Unknown Profession

et al. 2021

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“…The Caring Behaviors Inventory scale (CBI) was developed based on Watson's theory [15]. It has been revised in several versions (43 and 42-item, 24-item, and 6-item) with excellent reliability (Cronbach's alpha 0.95-0.98) [16]. The various versions of this scale study the dimensions of "safety," "knowledge and skills," "respectful deference," "connectness," and "human presence" [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been revised in several versions (43 and 42-item, 24-item, and 6-item) with excellent reliability (Cronbach's alpha 0.95-0.98) [16]. The various versions of this scale study the dimensions of "safety," "knowledge and skills," "respectful deference," "connectness," and "human presence" [16]. The CBI-24 has been validated in a sample of Cypriot and Greek nurses and patients [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychometric Properties of the Greek Version of the Caring Behaviors Inventory-16

Alikari

Fradelos

Papastavrou

et al. 2021

Cureus

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Caring is a key component of nursing. Exploring patients' perceptions of caring behaviors is essential to providing high-quality health care. This study aimed to investigate the validity, reliability, and internal consistency of the Greek version of the Caring Behaviors Inventory-16. This descriptive cross-sectional study involved hospitalized patients from six major hospitals in Greece who completed the Caring Behaviors Inventory-16 scale. This is a self-completing questionnaire whose answers range from one to six on a Likerttype scale. The overall score ranges from 16 to 96. To study the reliability of the scale, 50 patients completed the scale twice within two weeks, and then the repeatability was tested using the Pearson's r correlation coefficient and the intraclass correlation coefficient. Construct validity and internal consistency were tested among 180 patients. Construct validity was tested through the principal component analysis. The internal consistency was tested through Cronbach's alpha index. The statistical analysis was performed through the IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Statistics Version 21.0 (Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.). The level of statistical significance was set at 5%. The study was conducted in the period October-December 2019. According to the results, the average age of patients was 58 years old and 50.6% were men. The mean value of the scale was 79.31 (standard deviation ± 15.75). The principal component analysis showed that the scale is unidimensional highlighting one factor that explains 68.24% of the total variance. Questions loadings ranged from 0.575 to 0.912 on the same factor. This means that all questions measure the same structure and are strongly concentrated in the same construction. Regarding the repeatability test, no statistically significant differences were observed between the two measurements. Pearson's r coefficient was 0.82 while the intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.91 (p<0.001) and indicate the very good reliability of the scale. Cronbach's alpha was 0.967 and indicates the excellent internal consistency of the scale. Data analysis showed that the Caring Behaviors Inventory-16 is a valid, reliable, simple, and short tool for assessing patients' perceptions of caring behaviors. Further tests are suggested to confirm the construct validity, reliability among patients, nurses, or nursing students.

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“…32 Furthermore, nursing practice based on task-oriented care, where tasks are considered isolated duties, risks providing fragmented and non-person -centred care, fostering the depersonalization of caring. 33 The characteristics of the clinical learning environment could negatively influence students' learning in clinical setting. Nurse educators should encourage the creation of a positive learning environment that models and promotes caring through positive faculty and role modelling, since, as Labrague et al 12 suggested, instructors who teach caring positively influence nursing students' caring behavior.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceptions of Caring Behavior Among Undergraduate Nursing Students: A Three-Cohort Observational Study

Ferri¹,

Stifani²,

Morotti³

et al. 2020

PRBM

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Introduction Increase in the knowledge of “caring science” among nurses plays a key role in ensuring a correct caring behavior towards patients. Caring training for students is a priority in nursing education, but unfortunately there are limited and conflicting studies which explore this outcome. The purpose of this observational study was to explore the perceptions of caring behaviors by nursing students during their clinical practice training in order to highlight if the level of caring behaviors changes as the nursing course progresses. Materials and Methods The Caring Behaviors Inventory-24 (CBI-24) was administered to 331 students, enrolled in the three years of an Italian Nursing Course, who accepted to participate in the study (89.2% response rate). The data were analyzed using SPSS software version 26.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL). Results The total mean score of CBI-24 was 4.82 in the first, 5.12 in the second and 5.26 in the third-year students. The CBI-24 dimensions “Responding to individual needs” and “Being with” obtained the highest scores among the students of the first year. At the end of the first year, our students were already able to perform expressive caring, whereas instrumental caring developed at a high level in the second and third years. We did not highlight any statistically significant difference between the two gender CBI-24 item scores. Conclusion In light of our results, we put in evidence that Nursing Degree Programme favours the development in students of both relational and technical components of caring behaviors. We hope that in future students’ self-assessment of caring behaviors could be considered an educational outcome for Nursing Programme.

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Systematic review of the nature of nursing care described by using the Caring Behaviours Inventory

Cited by 35 publications

References 43 publications

Social Image of Nursing. An Integrative Review about a Yet Unknown Profession

Social Image of Nursing. An Integrative Review about a Yet Unknown Profession

Psychometric Properties of the Greek Version of the Caring Behaviors Inventory-16

Perceptions of Caring Behavior Among Undergraduate Nursing Students: A Three-Cohort Observational Study

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