Systematic Review of the Non-Specific Effects of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Vaccine on Child Mortality

Cruz, Cintia Tavares; Almeida, Bruna de Araujo; Troster, Eduardo Juan; Oliveira, Cardim

doi:10.21767/2472-1093.100035

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…A meta-analysis suggested that BCG could affect the mortality rate related to pneumonia and sepsis in children under 5 years old in low-income countries. 44 Another study reported that administration of BCG vaccine is connected with increased antibody levels against other virus vaccines such as influenza A virus and pneumococcus. 45 In addition, several clinical trial studies are ongoing to evaluate the efficacy of BCG vaccination on COVID-19 protection in some populations with a high risk of infection such as hospital care workers (HCW) or older individuals.…”

Section: Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between Bacillus Calmette Guerin Vaccination Policy and Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) Incidence

Alyasin

Kanannejad

Esmaeilzadeh

et al. 2021

IJAAI

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Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) was designed for protecting children against tuberculosis. Also, it can protect against other infectious diseases through the induction of trained immunity. Due to its heterologous protective effects, the BCG vaccine has been proposed as a treatment option for coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). Epidemiological studies have found that countries without BCG vaccination policy have experienced higher mortality rates related to COVID-19 infection than those with BCG vaccination policy. However, there are some confounding factors such as age, population intensity, immigration, the pandemic phase, and data accuracy that may affect these results. Therefore, this hypothesis should be evaluated by clinical trial studies. Large-scale clinical trials are in progress to investigate if the BCG vaccine could be used as a useful tool for protection against COVID-19 infection.

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Section: Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between Bacillus Calmette Guerin Vaccination Policy and Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) Incidence

Alyasin

Kanannejad

Esmaeilzadeh

et al. 2021

IJAAI

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“…This process would be mediated by epigenetic programming of transcriptional pathways rather than genetic recombination as with adaptive immunity. Some authors have identified that BCG immunization can be very advantageous when it comes to host defense to infectious agents, especially respiratory tract infections [3] , but this was not confirmed by other authors [4] . On the other hand, trained immunity induced by BCG could be detrimental when it comes to chronic inflammatory and immune-mediated diseases [5] .…”

mentioning

confidence: 93%

BCG vaccine: Worrying proposal for COVID-19

Sarinho

Goudouris

Solé

2021

Vaccine

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Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine is proven to be effective in protecting against severe tuberculosis. It has been suggested to be able to exert a non-specific beneficial effect as protection against other infectious diseases. The duration of protection against tuberculosis is estimated to be from 10 to 15 years, but the duration of the protection against other infections is not known, maybe up to 20 years, maybe much shorter than that. We don’t know it for sure. BCG induced trained immunity paradigm is based on experimental models, cohort studies with low number of individuals, and some epidemiological data in which other possible interfering factors are not controlled. The titles and scopes of scientific articles should be cautiously considered as they can promote indications of getting vaccinated or revaccinated with BCG, before its effectiveness is confirmed and recommendations are published. Besides, revaccination with BCG can put at serious risk patients with primary or secondary immunodeficiency. Maybe BCG vaccine is effective in preventing COVID-19 deaths or reducing its severity, but may the effect of this vaccine be relevant even with poor health politics and assistance? It is very difficult to compare the epidemiologic data about COVID-19 in different countries. There are countless factors, mainly social and related to the healthcare system, which can be more decisive than the hypothesis of trained immunity induced by BCG. Until now, we can say that BCG’s protective role is, at least, insufficient, given many other factors that corroborate SARS-CoV-2 infection and/or its severity.

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The correlation of Foxp3 + gene and regulatory T cells with scar BCG formation among children with Tuberculosis

Farsida

Hatta

Patellongi

et al. 2020

Journal of Clinical Tuberculosis and Other Mycobacterial Diseas

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Systematic Review of the Non-Specific Effects of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Vaccine on Child Mortality

Abstract: Background: Until a different vaccine is given, BCG provides non-specific protection against diseases other than tuberculosis, mainly respiratory infections and sepsis.

Cited by 3 publications

References 27 publications

Relationship between Bacillus Calmette Guerin Vaccination Policy and Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) Incidence

Relationship between Bacillus Calmette Guerin Vaccination Policy and Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) Incidence

BCG vaccine: Worrying proposal for COVID-19

The correlation of Foxp3 + gene and regulatory T cells with scar BCG formation among children with Tuberculosis

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