Systematic review of type-specific pathophysiological symptoms of Sasang typology

Abstract

Previous studies on the Sasang typology have focused on the differential diagnosis of each Sasang type with type-specific pathophysiological symptoms (TSPS). The purpose of this study was to elucidate the latent physiological mechanism related to these clinical indicators. We searched six electronic databases for articles published from 1990 to 2015 using the Sasang typology-related keywords, and found and analyzed 35 such articles. The results were summarized into six TSPS categories: perspiration, temperature preference, sleep, defecation, urination, and susceptibility to stress. The Tae-Eum and So-Eum types showed contrasting features with TSPS, and the So-Yang type was in the middle. The Tae-Eum type has good digestive function, regular bowel movement and defecation, high sleep quality, and low susceptibility to stress and cold. The Tae-Eum type has relatively large volumes of sweat and feels fresh after sweating; however, the urine is highly concentrated. These clinical features might be related to the biopsychological traits of the Tae-Eum type, including a low trait anxiety level and high ponderal and body mass indices. This study used the autonomic reactivity hypothesis for explaining the pathophysiological predispositions in the Sasang typology. The Tae-Eum and So-Eum Sasang types have a low threshold in parasympathetic and sympathetic activation, respectively. This study provides a foundation for integrating traditional Korean personalized medicine and Western biomedicine.

Biopsychological Structure of the Sasang Personality Questionnaire in Elementary School Students

“…선행 연구를 통해, 사상 체질 그룹별로 고유하게 지니고 있는 심리적 특성 [3][4] , 신체적 특성 2) , 생병리적 특성 5) , 유전적 특성 6) 이 확인되었으며, 이들의 토대가 되는 생물학적 기전들 또한 제시되었다 [3][4] . 생리심리적 측면에 있어서, 소양인이 높은 행동활성 시스템 (Behavioral Activation System, BAS)과 낮은 행동 억제시스템 (Behavioral Inhibition System, BIS) 활성을, 소음인이 낮은 BAS 및 높은 BIS 활성을 지니는 것으로 제시되었다 [7][8][9] .…”

“…기질 (temperament)에 대한 선행연구를 통해서는, 소양인이 높은 자극추구 (Novelty-Seeking, NS)와 낮은 위험회피 (Harm-Avoidance, HA) 점수를 지 니며, 소음인은 낮은 자극추구 (NS)와 높은 위험회피 (HA) 점수를 지니는 것을 알려졌다 [9][10] . 이와 함께 신경 해부적 측면에서는, 태음인과 소음인간에 자율신경 반 응성 (Autonomic Reactivity) 및 시상하부-뇌하수체-부 신 축 (HPA axis)의 반응이 상반된 특성을 보이는 것으 로 보고되었다 5,11) . 사상성격검사 (SPQ, Sasang Personality Questionnaire) 12) 는 이러한 연구성과를 토대로 사상의학에서의 심리학 적 특성을 음양 (陰陽) 기질로 측정하는 자기보고식 평 가도구로서 , 행동 (Sasang Personality QuestionnaireBehavior, SPQ-B), 인지 (Sasang Personality Questionnaire -Cognition, SPQ-C) 그리고 정서 (Sasang Personality Questionnaire -Emotionality, SPQ-E)의 세 가지 하위 척도를 지닌다.…”

“…SPQ의 생리심리적 구조는 성인을 대상으로 한 검사 의 개발 12) , 동서양 심리학 이론을 활용한 검사의 수렴 타당도 연구 5) , 확인적 요인 구조분석 14) , 성별 연령별 표 준화 14) 등을 통해 수 차례 재확인되었으며, QSCC 15 16) , 비만도를 반영하는 체 질량 지수 (Body Mass Index, BMI)나 갑상선 호르몬의 기능 및 체격 발달을 반영하는 폰데랄 지수 (Ponderal Index, PI)와도 독립적임이 확인되었다 11, . 또한 SPQ-B가 건강특성을 측정하는 단축형 건강특성 (Short Form-12, SF-12)의 하위 척도인 활기 (vitality)와 유의한 정적 상관을 지니며 17) , SPQ-E가 청소년 문제행동과 밀 접한 상관성 을 보이는 것도 확인되었다.…”

Pharmacognostic outlooks on medical herbs of Sasang typology

“…There have been extensive Sasang typology studies on psychological traits, 8 physical characteristics, 9 , 10 genetic, 3 and clinical 9 , 11 standpoints. As for the psychological perspectives, Eysenck’s extraversion, 12 Gray’s behavioral activation and inhibition system (BAS and BIS), 13 Cloninger’s novelty seeking (NS) and harm avoidance (HA), 14 and Chae’s Sasang personality questionnaire (SPQ) 7 , 8 were reported to be useful for describing each Sasang types, and the SY Sasang type has high Extraversion, high BAS and low BIS, high NS and low HA, and high SPQ; however, the SE Sasang type is on the contrary.…”

“…As for the biological mechanism for Sasang typology, autonomic reactivity 11 including hypothalamus–pituitary gland–adrenal axis reactivity 10 was suggested. The sympathetic reactivity increases with the order of TE, SY, SE, and TY, and the parasympathetic reactivity decreases with the same order.…”