Systematic review on vitamin D level in apparently healthy Indian population and analysis of its associated factors

Selvarajan, Sandhiya; Gunaseelan, Vikneswaran; Anandabaskar, Nishanthi; Xavier, Alphienes Stanley; Srinivasamurthy, Sureshkumar; Kamalanathan, Sadish Kumar; Sahoo, Jaya Prakash

doi:10.4103/ijem.ijem_168_17

Cited by 44 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…This study also detected the effect size of vitamin D level to be high in the South zone compared to other zones. 24 The average vitamin D levels detected in our study from VDD through VDS becomes comparable to the ranges presented above.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Vitamin D study: a retrospective comparison between two tropical countries: India and Bahrain

Kushawaha¹,

Sinkar²,

Iyer³

et al. 2019

Int J Community Med Public Health

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Background: Hypovitaminosis D is a very common prevalence in India as well as Middle East. Studies indicate the frequency to be anywhere between 44-96% among adults in Middle east, while in India it is estimated to range in between 50 – 94%. Our report is an attempt to study vitamin D status from two tropical countries; India and Bahrain and present status of vitamin D deficiency as well as insufficiency in a comparison summary.Methods: This retrospective study in our reference lab included data from a total of 2591 samples from Bahrain and 2596 samples from India. Serum vitamin D estimation was done by chemiluminescence immunoassay or CLIA and reported as per the classification given by the US Endocrine Society. Our reference laboratory provides diagnostic services to Bahrain and thus data from both the countries were available for analysis.Results: Our analysis detected vitamin D deficiency to be 66.2% among samples from India in comparison to 41.4% from Bahrain, and this difference was statistically significant at p<0.0001. Further, the average vitamin D levels in the cohort were detected to be higher in Bahrain samples at 24.0±11.6 ng/ml in comparison to samples from India at 18.2±14.4 ng/ml and statistically significant at p<0.0001.Conclusions: Many studies have documented the prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in a region-specific manner. Our report presents the picture of vitamin D status between two tropical countries to highlight the difference in vitamin D deficiency prevalence in two arid and semi-arid regions of the world.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Vitamin D study: a retrospective comparison between two tropical countries: India and Bahrain

Kushawaha¹,

Sinkar²,

Iyer³

et al. 2019

Int J Community Med Public Health

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“…Sun exposure is the major source of vitamin D, as very few naturally occurring food are rich in Vitamin D. This high prevalence despite ample sunshine throughout the year in the country could be possibly explained by the darker skin complexion, sunscreen use, less outdoor activities, lack of food fortification with vitamin D (6,7) . Defining vitamin D deficiency based on international cut off may also play a role in finding high prevalence (21,22). Further studies on clinical significance of this biochemical diagnosis and defining local cut off and diagnostic criteria would be useful.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency and its metabolic associations in an urban setting in Sri Lanka: data from Colombo urban study

Subasinghe

Gunawardane

Ediriweera

et al. 2019

Sri Lanka J. Diabetes Endocrinol. Metab.

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Correspondence Introduction:Vitamin D deficiency is a commonly prevalent, but less attended problem in Asia. Vit D status has many metabolic associations. We designed this community-based study to describe the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency and its metabolic associations in Sri Lankan population. Methods:A representative sample aged 18 years and above was included. Demographic, anthropometric, and social details were recorded using a standard proforma. Blood analysis was done for vitamin D status, and other metabolic parameters. Prevalence was estimated using weighted age standardized calculations. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to study associations to vitamin D status. Results:Cumulative community prevalence of Vit D deficiency and insufficiency was 90.2%. Prevalence was highest among young and females. Obese had significantly lower vitamin D levels. According to the linear regression, Moors showed a significantly lower Vit D levels compared to Sinhalese while Triglyceride levels showed an inverse association with Vit D levels. Dysglycaemia was not associated with Vit D deficiency. Discussion:Very high prevalence of Vit D problem was anticipated on clinical grounds and this is comparable with regional data. High prevalence among young needs early attention to avoid future poor bone health outcomes. Moor ethnicity shows high rates due to many known factors. Obesity is an emerging health problem in the country and co existent Vit D deficiency would increase its burden. Conclusion:Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency and other metabolic problems are highly prevalent in this population. Causative factors and consequences of this problem should be further researched to plan strategies to replete the Vit D and prevent this problem.

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“…Country-wide studies have reported a high incidence of VDD among healthy individuals belonging to all age groups residing in different regions of India. [11][12][13] In a hospital-based cross-sectional survey among children aged 6 months to 18 years held in a suburban metropolitan area of Chennai in south India, the prevalence of hypovitaminosis D was 62.2%, among whom only 3% had overt rickets. 14 In another crosssectional study of apparently healthy school children aged 5-10 years belonging to Jaipur in western India, 87.5% children were found to have sub-optimal/deficient vitamin D levels.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…: [867][868][869][870][871] International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics | March-April 2019 | Vol 6 | Issue 2 Page 868 adolescents, young adults and elderly people) residing in different regions (northern, southern eastern, western) of India, with the incidence being similar among subjects from rural and urban areas. [11][12][13] In this cross-sectional study, authors examined serum vitamin D status among healthy school children residing in central Kerala.…”

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confidence: 99%

Cross-sectional study reveals a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among healthy school children in central Kerala, India

Anitha¹,

Poovathinal²,

Viswambharan³

et al. 2019

Int J Contemp Pediatr

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Background: Authors examined serum vitamin D status among the healthy school children belonging to the south Indian state of Kerala.Methods: A cross-sectional study, participants were recruited through medical camps organized in Thrissur and Palakkad districts of central Kerala during the months of March and April 2017. A 174 healthy school children (98 males and 76 females) aged 5-13 years were recruited for the study. The children were found to be healthy on the basis of physical examination by a Paediatrician. None of the children had any symptoms of skeletal deformities. All the children were drug-naive. Data on height, weight, skin color, food habits, physical activities and socio-economic status were recorded. A 2ml of peripheral blood samples were collected from the participants. Total vitamin D in the serum was estimated by chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA).Results: VDD was observed in 60.92% and insufficiency in 30.46% of the participants. Only 8.62% of the participants had normal vitamin D levels. The mean vitamin D level was 19.93 ng/ml. Males had significantly higher vitamin D levels compared to females. Factors such as age, height, weight, diet, skin color and socio-economic status did not influence vitamin D levels.Conclusions: This is the first study of vitamin D status among the school-age children of Kerala. This paper adds further evidence to the reports indicating high prevalence of subclinical VDD among children across India and calls for action.

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Systematic review on vitamin D level in apparently healthy Indian population and analysis of its associated factors

Cited by 44 publications

References 50 publications

Vitamin D study: a retrospective comparison between two tropical countries: India and Bahrain

Vitamin D study: a retrospective comparison between two tropical countries: India and Bahrain

Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency and its metabolic associations in an urban setting in Sri Lanka: data from Colombo urban study

Cross-sectional study reveals a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among healthy school children in central Kerala, India

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