Systematic revision of the family Kalliapseudidae (Crustacea: Tanaidacea)

Abstract

Kalliapseudidae is a family of shallow burrow–dwelling and fossorial marine and estuarine tanaidaceans. There are currently 39 known species in 12 genera and three subfamilies. They are distributed throughout the world’s tropical, subtropical, and temperate coastal waters and, with a few known exceptions, are restricted to depths of less than 200 m. The phylogeny of Kalliapseudidae is assessed to test the monophyly of currently accepted subfamilies and genera, based largely on examination of material loaned from various museums and institutions. Multiple exemplars from other apseudomorph families were also included in the ingroup to test the monophyly of the family. Parsimony analyses included 41 terminal taxa and 64 binary and multistate morphological characters. Analyses based on successive weighting resulted in 20 most parsimonious trees. The strict consensus tree of these most parsimonious trees supported Kalliapseudidae, Kalliapseudinae, Tanapseudes, Cristapseudes, and Mesokalliapseudes as monophyletic. The genus Kalliapseudes could not be resolved, but constraining it to be monophyletic resulted in a significantly worse tree. The subfamilies Hemikalliapseudinae and Tanapseudinae were recovered as polyphyletic and paraphyletic, respectively, but without support. Constraining them to be monophyletic did not result in a significantly worse tree. Results indicated high levels of homoplasy in three morphological characteristics traditionally used to differentiate groups. Alokalliapseudes macsweenyi is transferred back to the genus Mesokalliapseudes, rendering Alokalliapseudes a junior subjective synonym. Nine new taxa, including six species of Kalliapseudes and one species of the genus Cristapseudes, and one new genus (Phoxokalliapseudes) and species (P. singaporensis) were discovered and described. Two species of Kalliapseudes (K. gobinae and K. multiarticulus) are transferred to Phoxokalliapseudes n. gen. Neotypes are designated for K. magnus, C. omercooperi and M. schubarti, and a lectotype is designated for K. mauritanicus. Distribution maps, illustrated keys to the subfamilies, genera and species, and preliminary remarks on biogeographic history are also presented.

First record of the family Sphyrapodidae Guţu, 1980 (Crustacea: Peracarida: Apseudomorpha) with the description of a new species ofSphyrapusfrom the Colombian Caribbean

“…Both species share two unusual features: (1) the presence of plumose setae (=bifurcate-dendritic setae, Błażewicz-Paszkowycz, Bamber & Cunha, 2011) on pereopods 5–6 and (2) the presence of vestigial exopod on pereopods 4–5 in females (Błażewicz-Paszkowycz, Bamber & Cunha, 2011). Guţu & Heard (2002), Larsen (2005), and Drumm & Heard (2011) observed and reported the presence of exopods on pereopods 4 and 5 of the mancae within the apseudomorphan families Kalliapseudidae and Sphyrapodidae. Larwood (1954), however, has reported exopods on pereopods 4–6 in juveniles of a kalliapseudid Cristapseudes omercooperi (Larwood, 1954).…”

A new species of the genusMonokalliapseudes(Crustacea: Tanaidacea: Kalliapseudidae) from French Guiana

“…The new species is placed in the genus Monokalliapseudes, even though it lacks an exopodite on the first pereopod, because this character was shown to be homoplastic (Drumm & Heard 2011). It also shares several synapomorphies with Monokalliapseudes schubarti; for example, a pleotelson with simple setae along the lateral and posterior margins, a long and narrow labium palp, an inner endite of the maxillule with three setulate setae and one simple seta, the short dactylus of pereopod 6, and the male cheliped with a massive basis.…”

“…It also shares several synapomorphies with Monokalliapseudes schubarti; for example, a pleotelson with simple setae along the lateral and posterior margins, a long and narrow labium palp, an inner endite of the maxillule with three setulate setae and one simple seta, the short dactylus of pereopod 6, and the male cheliped with a massive basis. The clypeus (plate-like structure of cephalon, anterior to labrum) is rarely described in tanaidacean taxonomy, but its systematic importance has been shown in Kalliapseudidae (Drumm & Heard 2011). The genera Cristapseudes Ba˘cescu, 1980 andPhoxokalliapseudes Drumm &Heard, 2011 possess cusps on the clypeus (erroneously stated as on the labrum in Drumm & Heard 2011).…”

“…Family Kalliapseudidae Lang, 1956Subfamily Kalliapseudinae Lang, 1956Genus Monokalliapseudes Lang, 1956 Diagnosis (modified after Drumm & Heard 2011). -Rostrum rounded.…”

“…It is a member of the subfamily Kalliapseudinae, which is distinguished from other kalliapseudids by having long plumose setae on the chelipeds, maxillipeds, and mandibular palps. Only one species has been described until now, Monokalliapseudes schubarti (Mané-Garzón, 1949), distributed from southeastern Brazil to Uruguay (Drumm & Heard 2011, Freitas-Júnior et al 2013. It has been shown to be an important component of estuaries in southern Brazil, where it can reach high population densities and is a major food item of fish, crustaceans, and birds (Bemvenuti 1987, Leite 1995, Rosa-Filho & Bemvenuti 1998, Montagnolli et al 2004, Ferreira et al 2005, Barreiros et al 2009, Contente et al 2009, 2012.…”