Systematic revision of the genus Everettia Godwin-Austen, 1891 (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Dyakiidae) in Sabah, northern Borneo

Liew, Thor‐Seng; Schilthuizen, Menno; Vermeulen, Jaap J.

doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00526.x

Cited by 31 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…As already known from morphological descriptions [36], the glands of the dart sac are attached at its posterior end via ducts that feed into the dart sac. These ducts and some of the glandular tissue are shown in Figure 2A.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

A Syringe-Like Love Dart Injects Male Accessory Gland Products in a Tropical Hermaphrodite

2013

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Sexual conflict shapes the evolution of many behaviours and processes involved in reproduction. Nearly all evidence supporting this comes from species where the sexes are separated. However, a substantial proportion of animals and most plants are hermaphroditic, and theoretical work predicts that sexual conflict plays an important role even when the sexes are joined within one individual. This seems to have resulted in bizarre mating systems, sophisticated sperm packaging and complex reproductive morphologies. By far the best-known example of such a strategy in hermaphrodites is the shooting of so-called love-darts in land snails. All known love darts carry a gland product on their outside and enter this into the partner’s hemolymph by stabbing. Here, we show that species of the snail genus Everettia possess a syringe-like dart that serves as a real injection needle. Their dart is round in cross-section, contains numerous channels, and has perforations along its side. Histology and electron microscopy show that these holes connect to the channels inside the dart and run all the way up to the elaborate mucus glands that are attached to the dart sac. This is the first report on a love dart that is used as a syringe to directly inject the gland product into the partner’s hemolymph. Although the exact use and function of this dart remains to be demonstrated, this clearly adds to the complexity of the evolution of reproductive strategies in hermaphrodites in general. Moreover, the perforations on the outside of the love dart resemble features of other injection devices, thus uncovering common design and repeated evolution of such features in animals.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

A Syringe-Like Love Dart Injects Male Accessory Gland Products in a Tropical Hermaphrodite

2013

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“…The current classification of many Cyclophorids was based solely on morphology characteristics where its reliability remains doubtful as this taxa possesses exceptionally diverse variations in morphology. Past research has shown that molecular phylogenetic analyses could provide insights into the taxonomy of morphologically-ill land snails in this region (Nantarat et al, 2014a(Nantarat et al, , 2014bLiew et al, 2009;Liew et al, 2014). This study presents the first molecular phylogeny investigation on genus Leptopoma in Sabah, one of the understudied taxa within Cyclophoridae, and examines the concordance between morphology and phylogeny as well as geographical variations in shell form.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Land snails of Leptopoma Pfeiffer, 1847 in Sabah, Northern Borneo (Caenogastropoda: Cyclophoridae): an analysis of molecular phylogeny and variations in shell form due to geography

Phung

Heng

Liew

2017

Preprint

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Leptopoma is a species rich genus with approximately 100 species documented according to shell morphology and animal anatomy. Many of the Leptopoma species are described in terms of shell size, shape, sculpture and colour patterns of a small number of examined materials. However, the implications of the inter-and intra-species variations in shell form to the taxonomy of Leptopoma species and the congruency of its current shell based taxonomy with its molecular phylogeny are still unclear. Over the last decade, more than 900 collection lots consisting of more than 4000 Leptopoma specimens have been obtained in Sabah and deposited in BORNEENSIS at Universiti Malaysia Sabah. Access to this collection gave us the opportunity to examine the geographical variations in shell forms and the phylogenetic relationship of Leptopoma species in Sabah. The phylogenetic relationship of three Leptopoma species was first estimated by performing maximum likelihood and Bayesian analysis based on mitochondrial genes (16S and COI) and nuclear gene (ITS-1). After this, a total of six quantitative shell characters (i.e. shell height, shell width, aperture height, aperture width, shell spire height, and ratio of shell height and width) and three qualitative shell characters (i.e. shell colour patterns, spiral ridges, and dark ring band in aperture) of the specimens were mapped across the phylogenetic tree two Leptopoma species, these also pointed to intra-species differences between populations from different locations. This study provides an initiation to resolve the taxonomy conundrum for the remaining 100 little known Leptopoma species from other regions and highlights a need to assess variations in shell characters before they could be used in species classification. 8 Abstract. Leptopoma is a species rich genus with approximately 100 species documented 9 according to shell morphology and animal anatomy. Many of the Leptopoma species are described 10 in terms of shell size, shape, sculpture and colour patterns of a small number of examined 11 materials. However, the implications of the inter-and intra-species variations in shell form to the 12 taxonomy of Leptopoma species and the congruency of its current shell based taxonomy with its 13 molecular phylogeny are still unclear. Over the last decade, more than 900 collection lots 14 consisting of more than 4000 Leptopoma specimens have been obtained in Sabah and deposited in 15 BORNEENSIS at Universiti Malaysia Sabah. Access to this collection gave us the opportunity to 16 examine the geographical variations in shell forms and the phylogenetic relationship of Leptopoma 17 species in Sabah. The phylogenetic relationship of three Leptopoma species was first estimated by 18 performing maximum likelihood and Bayesian analysis based on mitochondrial genes (16S and 19 COI) and nuclear gene (ITS-1). After this, a total of six quantitative shell characters (i.e. shell 20 height, shell width, aperture height, aperture width, shell spire height, and ratio of shell height and 21 width) and three...

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“…High values of genetic divergence were reported for the land slug Phyllocaulis (13.1%) (Gomes et al 2010) and between congeneric species of Ariophantidae and Dyakiidae (4.3 to 10.1%) (Abu-Bakar et al 2014). Moreover, Liew et al (2009) reported divergence values of 5% to 25% within Everettia spp. (Dyakiidae).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

At home at least: the taxonomic position of some north African Xerocrassa species (Pulmonata, Geomitridae)

Ezzine¹,

Pfarrer²,

Dimassi³

et al. 2017

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In order to clarify the systematic position of Helix latastei Letourneux in Letourneux & Bourguignat, 1887, and Helix latasteopsis Letourneux & Bourguignat, 1887, a comprehensive approach using morphological and molecular methods is presented. The investigation of the genital organs of both species showed that they belong to the genus Xerocrassa Monterosato, 1892 with two very small dart sacs and a few tubiform glandulae mucosae. In our phylogenetic analysis using the mitochondrial markers COI, 16S and the nuclear cluster 5.8-ITS2-28S, the results of the anatomical research were confirmed. Thus, the genus Ereminella Pallary, 1919, which is based on H. latastei, becomes a junior synonym of Xerocrassa. A review of the genus-level taxa Xerobarcana Brandt, 1959, and Xeroregima Brandt, 1959, showed that these should also be considered as synonyms of Xerocrassa. A third species, Helix lacertara Bourguignat, 1863 from Algeria was found to be closely related to X. latastei based on its shell morphology. A map showing the distribution of the three species treated is supplied.

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Systematic revision of the genus Everettia Godwin-Austen, 1891 (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Dyakiidae) in Sabah, northern Borneo

Cited by 31 publications

References 19 publications

A Syringe-Like Love Dart Injects Male Accessory Gland Products in a Tropical Hermaphrodite

A Syringe-Like Love Dart Injects Male Accessory Gland Products in a Tropical Hermaphrodite

Land snails of Leptopoma Pfeiffer, 1847 in Sabah, Northern Borneo (Caenogastropoda: Cyclophoridae): an analysis of molecular phylogeny and variations in shell form due to geography

At home at least: the taxonomic position of some north African Xerocrassa species (Pulmonata, Geomitridae)

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