SYSTEMATIC REVISION OF THE NEOTROPICAL SCORPION GENUS<i>CHACTOPSIS</i>KRAEPELIN, 1912 (CHACTOIDEA: CHACTIDAE), WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF TWO NEW GENERA AND FOUR NEW SPECIES

Ochoa, José A.; Rojas-Runjaic, Fernando J. M.; Pinto‐da‐Rocha, Ricardo; Prendini, Lorenzo

doi:10.1206/796.1

Cited by 7 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Distal lamina is, however, still used in the present publication to designate the part of the stalk, distal to the transverse ridge, which usually bears a laminar hook, in lamelliform hemispermatophore. Lame distale [ 5 ]; Flagelle (pars recta + pars reflexa) (Buthidae) [ 5 ]; Posterior process + blade (Buthidae) [ 99 ]; Stalk [ 62 , 63 ]; Flagellum (Buthidae) [ 4 , 68 , 83 ]; Blade [ 69 ]; Flagella [ 64 ]; Lámina distal [ 6 , 7 , 9 , 18 , 76 , 77 , 100 ]; Distal lamina [ 3 , 49 , 90 ]; Flagellum (Pars recta + pars reflecta + pars bireflecta) [ 3 ]; Lamina (Lamella in text) [ 83 ]; Distal part [ 101 ]; Distal lamella [ 4 ]; Flagelo (Buthidae) [ 84 ]; Lámina [ 85 ]; Lamina [ 30 , 86 , 102 ]; Flagellum (Pseudochactidae) [ 42 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… Antero-distal crest of distal lamina : Lateral crest [ 3 ]; distal crest of distal lamina [ 49 ]. Laminar hook : Lobe interne [ 5 ]; Chitinous hook [ 63 ] ; Lóbulo interno [ 18 ]; Protuberancia espiniforme [ 76 ]; Lóbulo distal [ 9 , 77 ]; Lobulación dorsales esclerificadas del lobulió interno [ 100 ]; Hook [ 3 , 41 , 49 , 98 ]; Distal lobe [ 101 ]; Dorsal fold [ 86 ]; Basal lobe + Outer distal lobe + Inner distal lobe [ 90 ]; Dorsal apophysis [ 30 ]. Transverse ridge : Distal crest of median lobe + Ectal crest of median lobe [ 3 ]; Sutura tronco-laminar [ 85 ]; Laminar-trunk suture [ 86 ]; Transverse ridge [ 41 , 49 , 98 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Laminar hook : Lobe interne [ 5 ]; Chitinous hook [ 63 ] ; Lóbulo interno [ 18 ]; Protuberancia espiniforme [ 76 ]; Lóbulo distal [ 9 , 77 ]; Lobulación dorsales esclerificadas del lobulió interno [ 100 ]; Hook [ 3 , 41 , 49 , 98 ]; Distal lobe [ 101 ]; Dorsal fold [ 86 ]; Basal lobe + Outer distal lobe + Inner distal lobe [ 90 ]; Dorsal apophysis [ 30 ].…”

Section: Methodsunclassified

“…Lobe médian [ 5 ]; Lóbulo interno [ 6 , 7 , 9 , 76 , 77 , 100 ]; Median lobe [ 3 ]; Lobe interne [ 103 ]; accessory distal lobe [ 101 ]; Hoja capsular externa [ 85 ]; External capsular sheet [ 86 ]; Posterior lobe [ 41 , 49 , 98 ]; Internal lobe [ 102 ]. Subex + tectum : Lobe médian (Buthidae) [ 5 ]; Inferior outer process (Buthidae) [ 99 ]; Medial lobe (Buthidae) [ 68 ]; Lateral lobe [ 69 ]; Membrane [ 90 ]; Trough [ 30 ]. Terminal membrane of sperm duct : Membrane that surrounds the foramen, probably always eversible and intromittent when present, prevents sperm backflow during insemination.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the sixties and seventies, San Martin [ 6 – 9 ], Maury [ 10 – 17 ] and Cekalovich [ 18 – 22 ] emphasized its importance for the systematics of Bothriuridae Simon, 1880. It was only in the late seventies/eighties that hemispermatophores started to be treated more widely as taxonomically informative characters in others families: initially in Hormuridae Laurie, 1896 [ 3 , 4 , 23 – 28 ] and Urodacidae Pocock, 1893 [ 4 , 23 ], then in Caraboctonidae Kraepelin, 1905 [ 4 , 29 ], Chactidae Pocock, 1893 [ 4 , 29 , 30 ], Iuridae Thorell, 1876 [ 29 ], Vaejovidae Thorell, 1876 [ 4 , 29 , 31 – 33 ], Superstitioniidae Stahnke, 1940 [ 34 ], Typhlochactidae Mitchell, 1971 [ 34 ], Heteroscorpionidae Kraepelin, 1905 [ 26 , 35 , 36 ] and Diplocentridae Karsch, 1880 [ 4 , 37 , 38 ]. The morphology of hemispermatophores from several families became known only recently: in 1989 for Chaerilidae Pocock, 1893 [ 4 ], Euscorpiidae Laurie, 1896 [ 3 , 4 , 39 ] and Scorpiopidae Kraepelin, 1905 [ 4 ]; in 2001 for Troglotayosicidae [ 40 ]; in 2005 for Hemiscorpiidae Pocock, 1893 [ 41 ]; in 2006 for Pseudochatidae Gromov, 1998 [ 42 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The male sexual apparatus in the order Scorpiones (Arachnida): a comparative study of functional morphology as a tool to define hypotheses of homology

et al. 2017

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BackgroundInsemination in scorpions is carried out by means of a partly sclerotized structure, the spermatophore, which is composed of two separate halves, the hemispermatophores. In most genera these reproductive structures can be used to differentiate species. However, many taxa such as the genus Euscorpius and the family Diplocentridae lack the morphological diversity observed in the copulatory organs of many other arthropods, rendering them useless for species level taxonomy. Such structural stasis, however, suggests that hemispermatophores have evolved relatively slowly and may thus provide a stronger phylogenetic signal for recognizing supra-generic ranks than previously thought. Based on the postulate that the phenotypic stability observed in some groups is the consequence of functional constraint, the most comprehensive comparative study of the male sexual apparatus to date was conducted for a complete reassessment of the morphology, phylogenetic value and hypotheses of homology of these structures.ResultsHemispermatophores, pre- and post-insemination spermatophores, as well as the inherent mechanisms of insemination, were studied across the whole order, allowing the recognition and description of a series of five basic bauplans for the capsular region. For the most part, these patterns appear to be consistent within each major taxonomic group, but several cases of incongruence between spermatophore morphology and taxonomy raises questions about the monophyly of some clades. The Bothriuridae are traditionally regarded as a basal scorpionoid family. However, except for the genus Lisposoma, bothriurid hemispermatophores and spermatophores are morphologically more similar to those of the Chactoidea than to those of scorpionoids. On the other hand, the male copulatory structures of the hormurid clade (Hormiops (Hormurus + Liocheles)) are more akin to those of Diplocentridae and Heteroscorpionidae than to those of other hormurids.ConclusionsSpermatophore capsular patterns appears to be congruent with a recent phylogeny of the order Scorpiones based on phylogenomic data that placed Bothriuridae outside of Scorpionoidea and Liocheles outside of Hormuridae, in contradicton with earlier phylogenetic reconstructions based on morphology. This raises questions about the potential use of functionally constrained traits to assess the reliability of contradicting phylogenetic hypotheses and emphasizes the need for a thorough reassessment of the scorpion phylogenetic relationships.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12983-017-0231-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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