Systematic Study of Chromium Poisoning of LSM Cathodes - Single Cell Tests

Neumann, Anita; Menzler, Norbert H.; Vinke, Izaak C.; Lippert, H.

doi:10.1149/1.3205854

Cited by 22 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…[34][35][36] Alternatively, it is also known that LSM is less prone to pyrochlore formation than, for example, cobalt-and iron-based perovskites, [37] and exhibits a higher electrocatalytic stability than those materials. [38] Both of these properties might have their origin in the presence of this complexion.…”

Section: Complexion Classificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complexions at the Electrolyte/Electrode Interface in Solid Oxide Cells

Türk¹,

Schmidt²,

Götsch³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Rapid deactivation presently limits a wide spread use of high-temperature solid oxide cells (SOCs) as otherwise highly efficient chemical energy converters. With deactivation triggered by the ongoing conversion reactions, an atomic-scale understanding of the active triple-phase boundary (TPB) between electrolyte, electrode and gas phase is essential to increase cell performance. Here we use a multi-method approach comprising transmission electron microscopy and first-principles calculations and molecular simulations to untangle the atomic arrangement of the prototypical SOC interface between a lanthanum strontium manganite (LSM) anode and an yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolyte. We identify an interlayer of self-limited width with partial amorphization and strong compositional gradient, thus exhibiting the characteristics of a complexion that is stabilized by the confinement between two bulk phases. This offers a new perspective to understand the function of SOCs at the atomic scale. Moreover, it opens up a hitherto unrealized design space to tune the conversion efficiency.

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Section: Complexion Classificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complexions at the Electrolyte/Electrode Interface in Solid Oxide Cells

Türk¹,

Schmidt²,

Götsch³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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show abstract

“…In this work, we investigate these correlations in more detail, as a follow up to a recent paper describing the spatially averaged observations. 23 Microstructural changes associated with the performance degradation have been investigated previously, primarily using scanning electron microscopy ͑SEM͒ methods, 8,10,11,16,22,23,32 with a scant few detailed transmission electron microscopy ͑TEM͒ investigations. 15,[35][36][37] Based on these observations, several mechanisms for Cr deposition have been put forward to explain the cell degradation behavior.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructural Degradation of (La,Sr)MnO[sub 3]∕YSZ Cathodes in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells with Uncoated E-Brite Interconnects

Wang

Cruse

Krumpelt

et al. 2011

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Transmission electron microscopy was used to investigate the local chemistry and microstructure of the active cathodes in solid oxide fuel cells operated for 500 h ͑at 700 and 800°C͒ under different electrochemical conditions while exposed to a chromiaforming stainless steel. Several distinct microstructural changes were observed owing to chromium interactions with the ͑La,Sr͒MnO 3 ͑LSM͒-yttria stabilized zirconia ͑YSZ͒ cathode; the nature and magnitude of which depended on the temperature, electrochemical load, and physical location. Nanosized particles of ͑Cr,Mn͒ 3 O 4 and Cr 2 O 3 were observed on the surface of the YSZ, regardless of the overall extent of degradation; the quantity increased with decreasing temperature and increasing current.The results indicate that Mn species facilitate the formation of a stable Cr-Mn-O nuclei on the YSZ, on which further growth occurs, including growth of Cr 2 O 3 . In cases of severe performance degradation, LSM decomposes completely, which does not appear to be strongly correlated with the nanoparticles on the YSZ, but results from a more destructive mechanism. Following this decomposition, severe pore filling of Cr-containing species occurs. The amount of microstructural degradation was largest near the cathode/electrolyte interface directly beneath the interconnect-cathode contact channels. These results indicate that two distinct mechanisms of degradation occur, with the electrochemical decomposition of ͑La,Sr͒MnO 3 as the primary cause for severe performance degradation.Solid oxide fuel cells ͑SOFCs͒ that operate between 600 and 800°C commonly employ chromia-forming ferritic stainless steels as interconnect materials. Unfortunately, cell performance is known to degrade over time when using such materials uncoated for interconnects. 1-23 Cell performance degradation is evinced as a decrease in the cell potential with time at a given current density. Microstructural changes in the active cathode are also known to be correlated with Cr-containing species owing to the volatilization of the steel's oxide layer in the wet cathode environment. 1,2,15,[24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34] Though several mechanisms have been proposed, discussed briefly below, to correlate the microstructural degradation products with the performance degradation, it is still unclear as to which proposed mechanism ultimately leads to the cell failure. In this work, we investigate these correlations in more detail, as a follow up to a recent paper describing the spatially averaged observations. 23 Microstructural changes associated with the performance degradation have been investigated previously, primarily using scanning electron microscopy ͑SEM͒ methods, 8,10,11,16,22,23,32 with a scant few detailed transmission electron microscopy ͑TEM͒ investigations. 15,35-37 Based on these observations, several mechanisms for Cr deposition have been put forward to explain the cell degradation behavior. Hilpert et al. 27 suggested that the cathode degradation should be associated with Cr transport in...

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“…[ 41–43 ] Alternatively, it is also known that LSM is less prone to pyrochlore formation than, for example, cobalt‐ and iron‐based perovskites, [ 44 ] and exhibits a higher electrocatalytic stability than those materials. [ 45 ] Both of these properties might have their origin in the presence of this complexion.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complexions at the Electrolyte/Electrode Interface in Solid Oxide Cells

Türk

Schmidt

Götsch

et al. 2021

Adv Materials Inter

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Rapid deactivation presently limits a wide spread use of high‐temperature solid oxide cells (SOCs) as otherwise highly efficient chemical energy converters. With deactivation triggered by the ongoing conversion reactions, an atomic‐scale understanding of the active triple‐phase boundary between electrolyte, electrode, and gas phase is essential to increase cell performance. Here, a multi‐method approach is used comprising transmission electron microscopy and first‐principles calculations and molecular simulations to untangle the atomic arrangement of the prototypical SOC interface between a lanthanum strontium manganite (LSM) anode and a yttria‐stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolyte in the as‐prepared state after sintering. An interlayer of self‐limited width with partial amorphization and strong compositional gradient is identified, thus exhibiting the characteristics of a complexion that is stabilized by the confinement between two bulk phases. This offers a new perspective to understand the function of SOCs at the atomic scale. Moreover, it opens up a hitherto unrealized design space to tune the conversion efficiency.

show abstract

Systematic Study of Chromium Poisoning of LSM Cathodes - Single Cell Tests

Cited by 22 publications

References 9 publications

Complexions at the Electrolyte/Electrode Interface in Solid Oxide Cells

Complexions at the Electrolyte/Electrode Interface in Solid Oxide Cells

Microstructural Degradation of (La,Sr)MnO[sub 3]∕YSZ Cathodes in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells with Uncoated E-Brite Interconnects

Complexions at the Electrolyte/Electrode Interface in Solid Oxide Cells

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