Systematic study of helium-induced L shell ionization cross sections

L-subshell ionization of heavy elements by carbon and nitrogen ions of energy 0.4–1.8 MeV/amu

“…This approximation was further refined by the same authors in a framework of a coupled-state model [27,48,49]. The performance of the coupled-state model for a description of L,-subshell ionization of heavy elements induced by helium ions was tested by Sarkadi and Mukoyama [24]. They found that their model reduces the discrepancies between the experimental L, 2-subshell ionization cross sections and the predictions of the firstorder perturbation theory in the low-energy region by a factor of four.…”

“…However, for heavier projectiles, the experimental data are not in agreement with the first-order ionization theories, particularly for the case of L-subshell ionization processes in the low-energy range. Serious discrepancies between experimental data and theoretical predictions were already found for helium ions [24,25]. The principal reason for such discrepancies is the fact that the theoretical approaches mentioned above are treating I subshells independently, neglecting the coupling effects.…”

K X-ray production by 12C4+ ion impact on selected elements

“…It considers effects such as the ion energy loss after the collision (E), the Coulomb deflection in the ion trajectory (C), the modification of the atomic electron energy states through a perturbed stationary states model (PSS), and an adjustment in the mass of the electron, due to relativistic effects (R). The United Atom correction to the ECPSSR model (or ECPSSR-UA) considers a modification in the binding energies of the target electrons due to the presence of the projectile (Sarkadi and Mukoyama, 1991). Furthermore, Benka et al (1987) introduced a modification to the ECPSSR model in order to consider the formation of molecular orbitals (MO) during the ion-atom collision, following a united atom (UA) approach.…”

K X-ray production by 3–4MeV proton impact on selected lanthanoids

“…Recently, the consideration of exact limits of integration and the use of Hartree-Slater atomic wave functions were included, resulting in the model known as eECPSShsR (Lapicki, 2008). The United Atom correction to the eECPSShsR model (or eECPSShsR-UA) considers a modification in the binding energies of the target electrons due to the presence of the projectile (Sarkadi and Mukoyama, 1991;Lapicki, 2008). In contrast, Montenegro and Sigaud (1985) developed analytical expressions for computing the ionization cross sections through adiabatic perturbations, which they called a direct MO model.…”