Systematic study on lysozyme-hyaluronan complexes: Multi-spectroscopic characterization and molecular dynamics simulation

pH-Driven Self-Assembly of Functional Lysozyme–Hyaluronan Complex Colloidal Nanoparticles for the Oral Delivery of Lutein

“…The CD spectra of samples (Figure 4e) revealed that the LYS colloidal dispersions exhibited two negative peaks at 208 and 222 nm, and a positive peak at 194 nm, thus indicating that the α-helix and β-sheet were the primary secondary structure of LYS colloidal dispersion. 5 Following the formation of the LYS−HA complexes, the α-helix content of LYS increased from 20.6 to 27.4%, while the β-sheet content exhibited an opposite trend (42.7 to 34.9%), indicating that the helical conformation of LYS became more folded, which is consistent with the fluorescence and UV−vis spectroscopy results. Incorporating Lut into the LYS−HA colloidal complexes to form the Lut@LYS-HANPs, resulted in an increase in the αhelix content (31.1%) and a decrease in the β-sheet content (30.2%), which is in accordance with the results of Yuan et al previously reported.…”

“…This can be attributed to the fact that higher molecular weight HAs have higher charge densities and thus possess higher surface charges. 5 Overall, the homogeneities of the LYS−HA2 carriers were not as satisfactory as those of the LYS−HA1 carriers (Figure S3b), which may be attributed to the self-aggregation of excess HA2 monomers. As for the LYS− HA3 carriers, a LYS/HA3 mass ratio of 1:4 resulted in the lowest mean particle size of the carrier (139 nm, Figure S3d).…”

“…12,13 Hyaluronan (HA) is a natural linear polysaccharide comprising a repeating disaccharide structure consisting of β-1,4-D-glucuronic acid-β-1,3-D-glucosamine. 5,14 HA has been widely used in the food and pharmaceutical industries owing to its nontoxicity, biocompatibility, and degradability. 15−17 Rosa et al reported that the self-assembly of HA nanoparticles enabled the encapsulation and delivery of 5-fluorouracil into a CD44 expressing colorectal cell line.…”

“…Lysozyme (LYS), also known as muramidase, is a protein found in microorganisms, plants, and animals. − LYS has been widely used in the food industry for its excellent biocompatibility, outstanding bactericidal, and easy accessibility. − Owing to its exposed internal hydrophobic amino acids, the conformation of LYS can be easily altered by solvent or pH conditions. For example, when the pH is lower than its isoelectric point (10.5), LYS is positively charged and can interact with negatively charged polysaccharide molecules to form micro- or nanoscale LYS–polysaccharide carriers, mainly through electrostatic forces .…”

“…Hyaluronan (HA) is a natural linear polysaccharide comprising a repeating disaccharide structure consisting of β-1,4- d -glucuronic acid-β-1,3- d -glucosamine. , HA has been widely used in the food and pharmaceutical industries owing to its nontoxicity, biocompatibility, and degradability. − Rosa et al reported that the self-assembly of HA nanoparticles enabled the encapsulation and delivery of 5-fluorouracil into a CD44 expressing colorectal cell line . In addition, the dense negative charges can undergo strong repulsive interactions to avoid the nonspecific adsorption between the HA-modified nanocarriers and negatively charged serum in the blood, which can extend the plasma half-life of the nanocarriers and enhance the HA delivery efficiency and therapeutic effects.…”