A library of 1,2-aminoalcohol derivatives with a neoisopulegol-based octahydrobenzofuran core was developed and applied as chiral catalysts in the addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The allylic chlorination of (+)-neoisopulegol, derived from natural (-)-isopulegol followed by cyclization, gave the key methyleneoctahydrobenzofuran intermediate. The stereoselective epoxidation of the key intermediate and subsequent oxirane ring opening with primary amines afforded the required 1,2-aminoalcohols. The ring closure of the secondary amine analogues with formaldehyde provided spiro-oxazolidine ring systems. The dihydroxylation of the methylenetetrahydrofuran moiety with OsO 4 /NMO (4-methylmorpholine N-oxide) resulted in the formation of a neoisopulegol-based diol in a highly stereoselective reaction. The antimicrobial activity of both the aminoalcohol derivatives and the diol was also explored. Molecules 2020, 25, 21 2 of 14 antimalarial [26-28], and antileishmanial [29] agents. The 1,2-aminoalcohol function is found in a broad range of β-adrenergic blockers that are used extensively in the management of cardiovascular disorders [30], including hypertension, angina pectoris and cardiac arrhythmias, and other disorders that are related to the sympathetic nervous system [31,32]. 1,2-aminoalcohols have also been demonstrated to be excellent chiral auxiliaries and chiral catalysts in asymmetric synthesis [33]. To achieve new, efficient, and commercially available chiral catalysts, natural chiral terpenes, such as α-pinene [34-38], β-pinene [34,39], (-)-3-carene [39,40], (-)-verbenone [41,42], (-)-fenchone [43,44], (+)-camphor [43,45,46], and (-)-menthone [47] have proven to be excellent sources for the synthesis of bifunctional chiral compounds and heterocycles.In the present work, we set out to create a compound library with a (+)-neoisopulegol-based octahydrobenzofuran core and 1,2-aminoalcohol moieties. The synthesis started from commercially available (-)-isopulegol and then utilizing the resulting 1,2-aminoalcohol derivatives as chiral catalysts in the enantioselective addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. Furthermore, the antimicrobial activities of the synthesized compounds were also tested on multiple bacterial and fungal strains.
Results
Synthesis of Key Intermediate 3Key intermediate (-)-3-methylenetetrahydrofuran 3 was prepared from commercially available (-)-isopulegol 1 by oxidizing its hydroxyl function, followed by the stereoselective reduction of the resulting carbonyl group, thus providing (+)-neoisopulegol 2 [48][49][50][51]. The allylic chlorination of (+)-neoisopulegol 2 was followed by the cyclization-produced (-)-methylenetetrahydrofuran 3 [52-55], which was transformed into (−)-methylenetetrahydrofuran 4 by allylic oxidation after applying the literature method [55,56] (Figure 1).