Systematic toxicological analysis of drugs and their metabolites by gas chromatography—mass spectrometry

Maurer, Hans H.

doi:10.1016/0378-4347(92)80526-v

Cited by 219 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…The biological samples analyzed include especially urine, whole blood, plasma, serum, and other body fluids, but also liver and hair. As far as volatile compounds are concerned, GC-MS is the golden standard for identification and quantification (Maurer, 1992;Polettini, 1999;Valli et al, 2001). For compounds not amenable to GC, identification methods based on the use of liquid chromatography-UV photodiode array spectrometry (LC-PDA) have been developed (Drummer, Kotsos, & McIntyre, 1993;Tracqui, Kintz, & Mangin, 1995;Lo et al, 1997;Sadeg et al, 1997;Valli et al, 2001).…”

Section: Systematic Toxicological Screeningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fragmentation of toxicologically relevant drugs in positive‐ion liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Niessen¹

2011

Mass Spectrometry Reviews

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The identification of drugs and related compounds by LC-MS-MS is an important analytical challenge in several application areas, including clinical and forensic toxicology, doping control analysis, and environmental analysis. Although target-compound based analytical strategies are most frequently applied, at some point the information content of the MS-MS spectra becomes relevant. In this article, the positive-ion MS-MS spectra of a wide variety of drugs and related substances are discussed. Starting point was an MS-MS mass spectral library of toxicologically relevant compounds, available on the internet. The positive-ion MS-MS spectra of ∼570 compounds were interpreted by chemical and therapeutic class, thus involving a wide variety of drug compound classes, such benzodiazepines, beta-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, phenothiazines, dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers, diuretics, local anesthetics, vasodilators, as well as various subclasses of anti-diabetic, antidepressant, analgesic, and antihistaminic drugs. In addition, the scientific literature was searched for available MS-MS data of these compound classes and the interpretation thereof. The results of this elaborate study are presented in this article. For each individual compound class, the emphasis is on class-specific fragmentation, as discussing fragmentation of all individual compounds would take far too much space. The recognition of class-specific fragmentation may be quite informative in determining the compound class of a specific unknown, which may further help in the identification. In addition, knowledge on (class-specific) fragmentation may further help in the optimization of the selectivity in targeted analytical approaches of compounds of one particular class.

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Section: Systematic Toxicological Screeningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fragmentation of toxicologically relevant drugs in positive‐ion liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Niessen¹

2011

Mass Spectrometry Reviews

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“…These techniques have also shown the ability to adequately separate structural isomers such as NPE and NE [22] with relatively short analysis times, having a reported instrument cycle-time of 8 min per sample [23]. Currently, GC-MS is still the preferred method for forensic confirmation in urine [25] and has the advantage of lower equipment costs. Utilizing a single step extractive-derivatization technique with heptafluorobutyric anhydride (HFBA), it has been shown that derivatization need not be a timely step in GC-MS sample preparation procedures for amphetamines [21].…”

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confidence: 99%

Rapid GC–MS confirmation of amphetamines in urine by extractive acylation

Marais

Laurens

2009

Forensic Science International

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“…After the first analysis, there was a confirmation testing by GC-MS for those samples, which were tested "positive" for drugs. The exact procedure was published previously [21,22,14].…”

Section: Creatinine and Drug Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

False Negative Results in Testing for Drugs of Abuse from Diluted Urine

2017

International Journal of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medi

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Systematic toxicological analysis of drugs and their metabolites by gas chromatography—mass spectrometry

Cited by 219 publications

References 88 publications

Fragmentation of toxicologically relevant drugs in positive‐ion liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Fragmentation of toxicologically relevant drugs in positive‐ion liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Rapid GC–MS confirmation of amphetamines in urine by extractive acylation

False Negative Results in Testing for Drugs of Abuse from Diluted Urine

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