Systematic Ventriculographic Studies in Infants Born with Meningomyelocele and Encephalocele: The Incidence and Development of Hydrocephalus

Lorber, John

doi:10.1136/adc.36.188.381

Cited by 109 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 1 publication

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…It is well known that myelomeningoceles are virtually always associated with Chiari malformation and com bined with hydrocephalus in more than 80% of patients [1][2][3]. The mechanism of hydrocephalus in the myelome-ningocele-Chiari malformation complex is controversial.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among myelomeningocele patients, virtually all have Chiari malformation and more than 80% have hydro cephalus [1][2][3]. The hydrocephalus in Chiari malforma tion is regarded as being of the communicating type by some authors [3][4][5], However, the functional opening pro cess of the embryonic fourth ventricular outlet (4V outlet) in animals with neural-tube defects (NTDs) has not been compared with that of those without NTDs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Functional Opening of the Fourth Ventricular Outlet in C57BL/6J and Delayed Splotch Mouse Embryos

et al. 1997

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

To compare the functional development of the fourth ventricular outlet in the myeloschisis-Chiari malformation complex with that of a normal brain, the chronological development of the outlet in C57BL/6J non-neural-tube defect mouse embryos was examined as the first step. Then we compared the results with those of homozygotic delayed splotch (Spd) mouse embryos which had neural-tube defects (NTDs). Ferrous chloride (Prussian blue) solution was injected into the lateral or mesencephalic ventricle on gestation days 13–16 in the case of control C57BL/6J mouse embryos and on gestation days 14–16 in the case of homozygotic Spd mouse embryos which had open spinal NTDs and hindbrain anomalies comparable to human Chiari malformation. At 30 min after the injection, acid fixative was infused through the heart to set off the Prussian blue reaction, which makes the dye visible by the precipitation of ferric chloride. According to the present method, more than 75% of C57BL/6J mouse (non-NTD control) embryos showed the evidence of function of the fourth ventricular (4V) outlet from gestation day 15. It was difficult to apply the same method to Spd mouse embryos with NTDs due to the small size of ventricles. Only 4 injections were successful, of which 3 showed the functioning evidence of the 4V outlet. Though the number of mouse embryos with NTDs studied was small, the results suggest that the chronological progress of functional opening of the fourth ventricle in mouse embryos with NTDs is similar to that of control non-NTD embryos.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Opening of the Fourth Ventricular Outlet in C57BL/6J and Delayed Splotch Mouse Embryos

et al. 1997

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…These lesions can occur at any level of the spine. Although commonly accompanying myelomeningocele (60 % in occipital, cervical, thoracic, or sacral lesions and about 90 % in thoracolumbar, lumbar, and/or lumbosacral lesions) [ 97 ], hydrocephalus often is not evident before the meningomyelocele is closed because cerebrospinal fl uid leaks through the open lesion and decompresses the ventricles.…”

Section: Normal Development Of the Central Nervous Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiology and Development of the Term and Preterm Neonate

Brett

Robinowitz

2014

Neonatal Anesthesia

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Sensory level reflects the extent of the underlying neuraxial defect, and has been shown to relate reliably to hydro¬ cephalus and overall disability.12 We assessed the thickness of the pallium by brain needle at the time of intro¬ duction of the ventricular catheter of the shunt. Obviously, more sophisti¬ cated assessment of the hydroceph¬ alus can be demonstrated by ventriculography, and the prognostic impor¬ tance of very early ventriculography was indicated by Lorber" in 1961. It is the basic neuraxial defect that seems to be of fundamental importance to subsequent intelligence.…”

Section: Uninfected Cases With Shuntsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Relating to Intelligence in Treated Cases of Spina Bifida Cystica

Hunt¹

1976

Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

\s=b\ Analysis of results on 83 survivors of spina bifida cystica showed the following:(1) In the seven children who had had central nervous system (CNS) infection, intelligence was impaired, six being severely retarded. (2) In the nine children who did not suffer CNS infection or require a shunt, intelligence was normal.The need for a shunt was related to radiological appearance (craniolacunae) and to the sensory level at birth. (3) In the 67 children who did not suffer CNS infection but did require a shunt, intelligence was related to sensory level found at birth and to thickness of the pallium measured within four weeks of birth. Their intelligence did not relate to the occipitofrontal circumference at birth, or to its increase before the insertion of the shunt. Intelligence did not relate to the function of the shunt at the time of assessment or to the number of times it had been revised. England (Dr Hunt).In a child with multiple handicaps, the achievement of independence depends partly on an adequate intel¬ lect. Where physical handicap imposes restrictions on the type of employ¬ ment, a sedentary job may still be found for someone with good intelli¬ gence and a useful pair of hands. Unfortunately, a large proportion of children with spina bifida suffer a degree of intellectual handicap that, when added to their physical handi¬ caps, prevents their achievement of either independence or employment. Spain1 assessed a group of 129 chil¬ dren with spina bifida and 16 with encephalocele at 3 years of age; 73 (58%) of the patients with spina bifida had a developmental quotient of less than 80 based on the Griffiths eyehand coordination and performance scales. In the 32 schoolchildren of our present series, 19 had an intelligence quotient of 80 to 126, nine had an IQ between 50 and 79, and four had an IQ below 50 (educational subnormality is taken as 50 to 79, and severe subnor¬ mality as below 50). Lorber,2 in a much larger series, found that one third had an IQ below 80. Laurence' compared an untreated series with a treated series in South Wales, and found that in the treated series there were many more survivors, but their disabilities were more severe and their mean IQ was lower, 81, as compared with 89 in the untreated series. A large survey of children attending schools for the physically handicapped, carried out by E. Mullin (unpublished data), showed that since intensive treatment of these patients was begun, 20% to 25% of survivors have such severe handi¬ caps that they are most unlikely to achieve even sheltered employment.This study was made, therefore, to discover (1) the extent to which intel¬ ligence was related to the treatment and complications of hydrocephalus, and (2) the relative importance of the underlying defect as assessed soon after birth. METHODThis study covers all the 83 survivors of a consecutive series of 116 children with spina bifida cystica operated on within 48 hours of birth at Addenbrooke's Hospital between July 1, 1963, and Jan 1, 1971. The back lesion was closed within 24 hours...

show abstract

Systematic Ventriculographic Studies in Infants Born with Meningomyelocele and Encephalocele: The Incidence and Development of Hydrocephalus

Cited by 109 publications

References 1 publication

Functional Opening of the Fourth Ventricular Outlet in C57BL/6J and Delayed Splotch Mouse Embryos

Functional Opening of the Fourth Ventricular Outlet in C57BL/6J and Delayed Splotch Mouse Embryos

Physiology and Development of the Term and Preterm Neonate

Factors Relating to Intelligence in Treated Cases of Spina Bifida Cystica

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About