Systematization of the Annelida: different approaches

Westheide, Wilfried; McHugh, Damhnait; Purschke, Günter; Rouse, Greg W.

doi:10.1007/978-94-017-2887-4_18

Cited by 51 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…They concluded that the alternative proposals of WESTHEIDE (1997), MCHUGH (1997), PURSCHKE (1997), and GIANGRANDE & GAMBI (1998) required an additional set of aprioristic assertions that exceeded the present knowledge available for the Polychaeta and Annelida. These conclusions have been reaffirmed in the synthesis of WESTHEIDE et al (1999).…”

mentioning

confidence: 64%

“…Although ROUSE & FAUCHALD (1998) and ROUSE (in WESTHEIDE et al 1999) persist in defending the monophyly of the Polychaeta, new contrary evidence was presented by HESSLING & WESTHEIDE (1999). These authors argued that the development of the supraoesophageal ganglion of Enchytraeus crypticus Westheide & Graefe, 1992 clearly demonstrated that the Clitellata were derived from a polychaetoid pattern and did not represent a primitive condition as predicted by the cladistic hypothesis of ROUSE & FAUCHALD (1995.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These authors argued that the development of the supraoesophageal ganglion of Enchytraeus crypticus Westheide & Graefe, 1992 clearly demonstrated that the Clitellata were derived from a polychaetoid pattern and did not represent a primitive condition as predicted by the cladistic hypothesis of ROUSE & FAUCHALD (1995. PURSCHKE (1999) investigated several further adaptive apomorphies occurring in the specialized terrestrial polychaetes (Hrabeiella periglandulata, Parergodrilus heideri and Stygocapitella subterranea). These adaptive traits included the simplification or loss of prostomial appendages, parapodia, and nuchal organs.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Evolutionary changes in the biology of many groups may dramatically affect them in parallel ways. For example, colonization of terrestrial environments has occurred in some specialized polychaetes, such as Hrabeiella periglandulata, and the clitellates (PURSCHKE 1999;HESSLING & WESTHEIDE 1999;PURSCHKE et al 2000).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Polychaeta, Annelida, and Articulata are not monophyletic: articulating the Metameria (Metazoa, Coelomata)

et al. 2003

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Polychaetes are metameric worms recognized for having parapodia, chaetae, and nuchal organs. Some authors have extended the Annelida to include Pogonophora, Echiura, and Clitellata. These suggestions are insufficient to generate a monophyletic group. They do not take into account two very large and important clades that in a cladistic analysis at a higher level are shown to be nested within the Annelida: the Ecdysozoa (arthropods and related taxa) and Enterocoela (deuterostomes and related taxa). Evolutionary histories of most characters across metazoan phyla are still very poorly known. Metameres and coeloms have been considered homoplastic in the literature, and yet the homeobox genes responsible for the expression of metamerism and of paired appendages, at least, are very largely distributed among the Metazoa. A phylogenetic analysis was performed for the ingroups of Polychaeta, including Clitellata, Enterocoela, and Ecdysozoa as terminal taxa. The remaining non-metameric phyla Platyhelminthes, Nemertea, Mollusca, and Sipuncula were included to root the tree within the Bilateria. Empirical data was obtained from the literature and run with the software Hennig86 with two comparative interpretations of a priori hypotheses of primary homology: one with negative characters (coding losses) and another considering only positive characters (without assumptions about losses). The most relevant conclusions are: (1) Annelida and Polychaeta are non-monophyletic, even when including Echiura, Clitellata, and Pogonophora; (2) Articulata, as traditionally circumscribed for Annelida and Arthropoda, is also not monophyletic; (3) Metameria becomes monophyletic only when Ecdysozoa and Enterocoela are included in addition to the traditional annelid taxa; (4) Ecdysozoa are the sister group of Aphrodita; (5) Clitellata are related to deposit-feeding sedentary polychaetes (scolecids), and Questidae represent their sister group; (6) Owenia plus Enterocoela form a monophyletic group related to the tubicolous polychaetes

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confidence: 64%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Polychaeta, Annelida, and Articulata are not monophyletic: articulating the Metameria (Metazoa, Coelomata)

et al. 2003

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“…The discussions on the reconstruction of the annelid and clitellate ancestors have been reviewed in greater detail elsewhere (e.g. Bartolomaeus et al, 2005;Bleidorn, 2007;Nielsen, 2001;Purschke, 2002;Rouse & Fauchald, 1997;Rouse & Pleijel, 2001;Westheide, 1997;Westheide et al, 1999). There is still plenty of debate about the form of these ancestors in addition to the processes outlined above.…”

Section: The Annelid Ancestormentioning

confidence: 99%

Annelids in evolutionary developmental biology and comparative genomics

et al. 2008

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Summary :Annelids have had a long history in comparative embryology and morphology, which has helped to establish them in zoology textbooks as an ideal system to understand the evolution of the typical triploblastic, coelomate, protostome condition. In recent years there has been a relative upsurge in embryological data, particularly with regard to the expression and function of developmental control genes. Polychaetes, as well as other annelids such as the parasitic leech, are now also entering the age of comparative genomics. All of this comparative data has had an important impact on our views of the ancestral conditions at various levels of the animal phylogeny, including the bilaterian ancestor and the nature of the annelid ancestor. Here we review some of the recent advances made in annelid comparative development and genomics, revealing a hitherto unsuspected level of complexity in these ancestors. It is also apparent that the transition to a parasitic lifestyle leads to, or requires, extensive modifications and derivations at both the genomic and embryological levels.

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Embryonic development of the oligochaeteEnchytraeus coronatus: An SEM and histological study of embryogenesis from one‐cell stage to hatching

Bergter

Beck

Paululat

2004

Journal of Morphology

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We describe the embryonic development of the soil-living oligochaete Enchytraeus coronatus (Enchytraeidae, Oligochaeta, Annelida). Enchytraeus coronatus is a direct developer. It follows the typical spiral cleavage mode of development that is highly conserved among annelids and a large number of other lophotrochozoan taxa that are collectively named "Spiralia." Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was combined with light microscopic analysis of wholemounted and sectioned embryos, differentially processed through histological stainings, to reconstruct and document cellular movements and organogenesis from early cleavage stages until hatching. With the help of these data we have established a scheme of morphologically defined stages in order to facilitate future studies on the molecular and histological level that will allow a detailed cross-species comparison among annelids and other phyla.

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Systematization of the Annelida: different approaches

Cited by 51 publications

References 36 publications

Polychaeta, Annelida, and Articulata are not monophyletic: articulating the Metameria (Metazoa, Coelomata)

Polychaeta, Annelida, and Articulata are not monophyletic: articulating the Metameria (Metazoa, Coelomata)

Annelids in evolutionary developmental biology and comparative genomics

Embryonic development of the oligochaeteEnchytraeus coronatus: An SEM and histological study of embryogenesis from one‐cell stage to hatching

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