Systemic Haemophilus influenzae disease: An overview

Dajani, Adnan S.; Asmar, Basim I.; Thirumoorthi, M C

doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(79)80571-5

Cited by 169 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…The age-incidence of most of them is similar to that of haemophilus meningitis, but epiglottitis is an exception. This condition was well-known in North America over 40 years ago (Alexander, Ellis and Leidy, 1942), and occurs there with about one-third of the frequency of haemophilus meningitis (Dajani, Asmar and Thirumoorthi, 1979). In Britain, though well described in the 1950s (Jones and Camps, 1957), it was rarely recognised until the 1970s (Andrew, Tandon and Turk, 1968;Russell, 197 1 ;Addy, Ellis and Turk, 1972), but it now seems likely that here also its incidence is about one-third of that of haemophilus meningitis.…”

Section: Capsular Type Bmentioning

confidence: 97%

The pathogenicity of Haemophilus influenzae

Turk

1984

Journal of Medical Microbiology

310

147

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Problems about the pathogenicity of an organism can be classified as: (1) clinical and epidemiological-what diseases does it cause or take part in, and when? (2) research (with prophylactic and therapeutic implications)-how does it do so? Category (1) answers for Haemophilus injuenzae began in 1892, with Pfeiffer's claim that it was the cause of influenza; but the true picture of the range of pathogenic activities of this species became clear in the period 1930-1960 answers have in general been more recent, and are still far from complete (as is the case with most pathogens); but a fascinating array of contributions has appeared in the past few years. What and when?To discuss the pathogenicity of H . injuenzae as though the species were in this respect a single entity would be to confuse things that differ widely. It has been clear for over 50 years (Pittman, 1931), but not known as widely as it should have been, that a minority of H. injluenzae strains have polysaccharide capsules, and that one of the six capsular types (type b) differs in pathogenicity from the rest of the species at least as markedly as do streptococci of Lancefield's group A from other P-haemolytic streptococci. The main facts about the distribution and pathogenicity of capsulated and non-capsulated strains of H. injluenzae are summarised in the table. The species has 00 non-human hosts. Capsular type bThe 2 4 % carriage rates for H. injluenzae type b listed in the table represent the findings of numerous surveys, each of which was a "snapshot" of the distribution of the organism in one community at one time. These give no information about the dynamics of carriage. Rates in the range 2 4 % would be found, for example, in a community of which each member carried the organism for about 2 months during a 5-year period. There is some evidence (e.g., Turk, 1963) that the duration of carriage of H. injluenzae type b by individual children is often of that order. Moreover, when Sell, Turner and Federspiel(l973) studied 55 children through their first 5 years of life, culturing nasopharyngeal swabs mostly at 3-month intervals, they isolated H.

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Section: Capsular Type Bmentioning

confidence: 97%

The pathogenicity of Haemophilus influenzae

Turk

1984

Journal of Medical Microbiology

310

147

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“…Since endotoxin from type b H. influenzae was also shown to lead to a much greater release of IL-8 and TNF-α than endotoxin from the nontypable strain of H. influenzae, this may be of particular significance and could explain the differences in the pathogenicity of the two strains. Type b H. influenzae is a more virulent organism associated with more severe and invasive infections, such as meningitis, pneumonia, epiglottitis and septic arthritis, in which bacteraemia is a prominent feature [61]. In contrast, nontypable strains lead to less severe infections resulting from proliferation and contiguous spread of the bacteria within the respiratory tract, such as otitis media, sinusitis and lower respiratory tract infections, including infective exacerbations of chronic bronchitis [62].…”

Section: Allergen Air Pollutantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial-induced release of inflammatory mediators by bronchial epithelial cells

Khair¹,

Davies²,

Devalia³

1996

Eur Respir J

165

118

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“…Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) is an important bacterial pathogen causing meningitis, septicaemia, pneumonia, epiglottitis and other invasive diseases in young children in different parts of the world [1,2]. In Northern Europe and Australia the annual incidence of invasive Hib infections varied between 25 and 80 per 100 000 children under 5 [3][4][5] and in the USA 60-130 per 100 000, before the introduction of Hib conjugate vaccines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of Haemophilus influenzae type b idiotype 1 on naturally acquired antibodies

Ulanova

Hahn-Zoric

Lau

et al. 1996

Clinical and Experimental Immunology

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SUMMARYThe Chinese population in Hong Kong has a low incidence of invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) disease, as well as carriage of the microorganism. Likely stimuli for the natural antibodies to Hib, which might protect against Hib infection, are cross-reactive antigens of bacteria like Escherichia coli K100. Our aim was to determine the isotype and idiotype distribution and cross-reactivity of natural antibodies against Hib capsular polysaccharide (CP) in healthy Hong Kong Chinese. Titration of 20 sera by ELISA showed IgG antibodies reacting with Hib CP in all individuals. The antibodies were mainly IgG2, and their avidity index ranged widely. Isoelectric focusing (IEF) combined with immunoblotting showed patterns of IgG2 antibody clones against the CP of Hib and E. coli K100 which were similar in 10 cases. Absorption with Hib CP only eliminated some bands in two sera. Absorption with K100 CP did not remove any anti-Hib CP bands. In three sera additional clones of antibodies reacting to K100 CP only, disappeared after absorption with this CP. Spectrotypic analyses of IgG antibodies reacting with anti-Hib idiotype 1 (Id-1) revealed stronger IEF patterns with bands in differing locations compared with anti-Hib CP antibodies. The strong reactivity of serum IgG, IgA and IgM antibodies with monoclonal anti-Hib Id-1 was confirmed by ELISA. This reactivity was not abolished after absorption of the sera with either Hib CP, or K100 CP. The data indicate a high prevalence of Id-1 among Hong Kong Chinese. However, only one individual had Id-1 antibodies specific for Hib CP, judging from absorption experiments. Others had much lower activity of Id-1 anti-Hib CP antibodies compared with the total IgG Id-1, suggesting that Hong Kong subjects have Id-1-positive antibodies in their serum which are not specific for Hib CP. This is consistent with the nature of Id-1, which is a marker of A2V L region usage rather than a marker of a Hib CP paratope. We suggest that natural antibodies reacting with Hib CP in healthy Hong Kong Chinese are the product of exposure to some cross-reactive antigen(s), different from both Hib and E. coli K100 CP.

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Systemic Haemophilus influenzae disease: An overview

Cited by 169 publications

References 77 publications

The pathogenicity of Haemophilus influenzae

The pathogenicity of Haemophilus influenzae

Bacterial-induced release of inflammatory mediators by bronchial epithelial cells

Expression of Haemophilus influenzae type b idiotype 1 on naturally acquired antibodies

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