Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index Is Associated With Increased Urinary Albumin Excretion: A Population-Based Study

Abstract

BackgroundSystemic immune-inflammation index (SII) is a novel inflammatory marker, and inflammation has been reported to be related with renal damage. We aimed to investigate the possible relationship between SII and albuminuria.MethodsThe present cross-sectional study was conducted among adults with complete data about SII and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) in 2005–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). SII was calculated as the platelet count × neutrophil count/lymphocyte count. Albuminuria was defined as ACR >30mg/g. Weighted multivariable regression analysis and subgroup analysis were conducted to explore the independent relationship between SII and albuminuria.ResultsA total of 36,463 individuals were included in our analysis; 9.56% participants were categorized as having albuminuria overall and increased with the higher SII tertiles (tertile 1, 7.83%; tertile 2, 8.49%; tertile 3, 12.13%; p for trend <0.0001). Multivariable logistic regression showed that a higher SII level was associated with increased likelihood of albuminuria independently (OR = 1.31; 95% CI, 1.17–1.48, p<0.0001) after full adjustment. Subgroup analysis and interaction test showed that there was no significant dependence of gender, age, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes, non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) on this positive association (all p for interaction >0.05).ConclusionsSII was positively associated with increased urinary albumin excretion in US adults. Further large-scale prospective studies are still needed to analyze the role of SII in albuminuria.

Systemic immune-inflammation index and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women: A cross-sectional study of the national health and nutrition examination survey (NHANES) 2007-2018

“…The laboratory methodology of the complete blood count test is provided on the NHANES website ( 27 ). Moreover, plate count (PC), neutrophil count (NC), and lymphocyte count (LC) were measured in 1000 cells/μL, and the SII was calculated as PC * (NC/LC), according to previous studies ( 18 , 20 ). For a more comprehensive assessment of the association between SII and BMD, we similarly assessed the association of BMD and other inflammatory markers derived from PC, NC, and LC, including platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), the product of platelet count and neutrophil count (PPN), PC, NC, and LC.…”

“…The systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) is a novel index based on the lymphocyte, neutrophil, and platelet counts. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that the SII is a useful index to reflect the systemic immune and infl ammatory status of the human body (17)(18)(19)(20). Moreover, previous studies have found that the SII has potential applications in disease risk and prognosis assessment (17)(18)(19)(20), especially in neoplastic diseases.…”

“…Accumulating evidence demonstrates that the SII is a useful index to reflect the systemic immune and infl ammatory status of the human body (17)(18)(19)(20). Moreover, previous studies have found that the SII has potential applications in disease risk and prognosis assessment (17)(18)(19)(20), especially in neoplastic diseases. For example, Jomrich et al found that an increased SII was independently associated with poor prognosis in patients with gastroesophageal adenocarcinomas (19).…”

“…Additionally, some studies have also observed that an increased SII is a significant risk factor for nonneoplastic diseases. For instance, Qin et al observed that an increased SII was associated with an increased risk of albuminuria among adults (20). However, owing to the limited number of studies (21), the relationship between BMD and SII remains uncertain, and the role of SII in osteoporosis, especially among postmenopausal females, remains unclear and requires further investigation.…”

Systemic immune-Inflammation index as a predictor of asymptomatic organ damage in patients with newly diagnosed treatment-naive hypertension

“…Low-grade inflammation is known to facilitate the development of hypertensive organ damage 14 . The systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) is a new inflammatory index based on circulating immune-inflammatory cells 15 . Therefore, we hypothesized that the SII could be a simple, economic, and feasible screening tool to predict the presence and severity of AOD.…”