“…Tray drenches of neonicotinoids have been effective against other pests. For instance, drenches of imidacloprid, thiamethoxam or clothianidin reduced tobacco flea beetle [Epitrix hirtipennis (Melsheimer)] feeding damage and number of green peach aphids [Myzus persicae (Sulzer)] on tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) (Semtner, 2005;Semtner and Srigiriraju, 2005;Semtner and Wright, 2005;Semtner et al, 2008), while chlorantraniliprole was effective against cabbage looper [Trichoplusia ni (Hübner)] on cabbage (Cameron et al, 2015). In our study with broccoli, we also tested non-neonicotinoid systemic insecticides as tray drenches including cyantraniliprole and cyclaniliprole, as well as contact insecticides, such as flonicamid, spinetoram, tolfenpyrad, and bifenthrin, but most did not consistently affect B. hilaris damage.…”