Systemic levels of carotenoids from mangoes and papaya consumed in three forms (juice, fresh and dry slice)

Abstract

Background: Vitamin A deficiency is a public health problem in Cameroon. Data on the bioavailability of carotenoid in fruits currently consumed in Cameroon are scarce. Objective: To assess the systemic levels of carotenoids from mangoes and papaya consumed as juice, fresh or dried slices. Methods: Two groups of seven healthy volunteers (24 and 25 years of age; body mass index: 21 and 22 kg/m 2 respectively for subjects fed mango and papaya), were submitted to three types of meal treatments (juice, fresh and dried fruit). On the experiment day, meals served to fasting subjects during breakfast, included bread, yogurt and one of the three forms of fruit. All the treatments lasted only one day during which blood samples were collected three times; during fasting (T 0 ), 4 h (T 4 ) and 8 h (T 8 ) after the test meal. The carotenoids and retinol contents were analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography method. Results: From the major carotenoids present in papaya and mangoes, lutein, a-carotene and b-carotene were found in considerable amounts. Lycopene and cryptoxanthin that were the major carotenoids in papaya samples appeared in low amounts in the chylomicrons. Significant correlations were observed between these carotenoids (at T 0 , T 4 and T 8 ). The three forms of consumption contributed to the rise of serum retinol levels. A comparison between the three forms revealed that papaya and mangoes consumed in form of juice or fresh fruit are the best forms because they had higher bioavailability values. Conclusion: Association of these different forms of consumptions could lead to a better availability of these fruits throughout the year and therefore efficiently contribute to improve vitamin A status of the population.

Non-Destructive Assessment of Mango Firmness and Ripeness Using a Robotic Gripper

“…During the ripening process, several physiological and biochemical pathways are activated simultaneously bringing changes in the fruit (Bouzayen et al 2010), which are initiated by autocatalytic production of ethylene and increase in respiration. The changes observed generally include textural softening (Yashoda et al 2007;Jha et al 2010), changes in color due to the disappearance of chlorophyll and appearance of other pigments as carotenoids (Gouado et al 2007;Zaharah et al 2012;Rungpichayapichet et al 2015), loss of organics acids, increase of soluble solid content, decrease of titratable acidity, and in general changes in taste, aroma, and flavor (Singh et al 2013). Accurate determination of fruit ripening stage is important to determine the packing procedure in the postharvest handling (Hahn 2004) and to provide a consistent * P. Talens pautalens@tal.upv supply of good quality fruit (Saranwong et al 2004).…”

The Influence of Iron and Zinc Supplementation on the Bioavailability of Provitamin A Carotenoids from Papaya Following Consumption of a Vitamin A-Deficient Diet

“…The major source of provitamin A carotenoids in papaya is b-carotene (15,16). In this study, the highest chylomicron intact appearance of b-carotene was observed in the zinc group, indicating the positive influence of zinc on b-carotene absorption, but not on bioconversion.…”

“…Iron supplementation recommended for young children and pregnant women from the 3rd trimester is not followed up. However, many plant sources of provitamin A carotenoids exist and can be used to reduce the prevalence of vitamin A deficiency in Cameroon (14,15). Food based approaches take a longer time to implement, but are considered a sustainable method of reducing malnutrition.…”

“…Many sources of provitamin A carotenoids such as oranges, fresh fruits and tubers, and dark green leafy vegetables have been identified (15,16). Papaya, one of best sources, is available throughout the year in Cameroon, and can easily be grown in most locations (17).…”

Oxidative Stress Defence Response of Carica papaya Challenged by Nitric Oxide, Papaya meleira virus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae

“…It has been ranked first amongst 38 common fruits based on it's accordance to the United States Recommended Daily Allowance for many vitamins and consumption of papaya has been recommended for preventing vitamin A deficiency [1] which causes childhood blindness in many tropical and subtropical countries.…”