Systemic lupus erythematosus and anticardiolipin antibodies in Klinefelter's syndrome

Abstract

A case report of Klinefelter's syndrome is presented that shows features of systemic lupus erythematosus, arteriographically-proven peripheral artery occlusion with leg ulcers, multiple cerebral infarcts and persistent elevations of anticardiolipin antibodies.

Morbidity in Klinefelter Syndrome: A Danish Register Study Based on Hospital Discharge Diagnoses

“…The increased frequency of osteoarthritis has not been described. Previous reports have shown an increased risk of autoimmune/rheumatological disorders (15,16), especially SLE, but all previous reports are either case reports or smallscale studies with relatively few patients. We were not able to demonstrate a significantly elevated risk of generalized rheumatological diseases in KS.…”

“…These studies may all suffer from selection problems, because they typically describe the prevalence of a specific disease or biochemical marker of disease in a population of known KS patients. They point toward an increased incidence of osteoporosis (5-7), breast cancer (8,9), mediastinal tumors (10), mitral valve prolapse (11), glucose intolerance and diabetes mellitus (12), thromboembolic diseases (13), retention of the testes (14), and autoimmune/rheumatologic diseases (15), particularly systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (16).…”

Rheumatic diseases and Klinefelter's syndrome

“…The association of the antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) with KS was first described in 1993. Later on, two cases of SLE with a secondary APS in KS were reported by Folomeev 21 and Bajocchi and colleagues 44 and Miyagawa and colleagues 43 pointed to the fact that the immune mechanism including the beta 2‐GPI cofactor may contribute to the reasons underlying vascular alterations in KS.…”

“…Miyogowo and colleagues 43 described the occurrence of KS in a patient with SLE, presenting with ulcerous formations on lower extremities. The patient was found to produce anticardiolipin antibodies that may play a role in the development of occlusive alterations in peripheral arteries.…”

Autoimmune rheumatic diseases and Klinefelter syndrome Autoimunitné reumatické choroby a Klinefelterov syndróm

“…Subsequently, two cases of SLE with a secondary APS in KS were reported by Folomeev and others. Some authors pointed to the fact that the immune mechanism including the beta2-GP1 cofactor may contribute to the reasons underlying the vascular alterations in KS (Miyagawa et al, 1995, Amstrong et al, 1985.…”