Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and hair treatment: a large community                 based case-control study

Hardy, Carolyn; Palmer, Ben; Muir, Kenneth; Powell, R J

doi:10.1191/096120399678840800

Cited by 17 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Because of potential gene–environment interactions, slow acetylators are more likely to be susceptible to the effects of aromatic amines with regard to SLE risk (92). Case–control studies in the UK, USA and Sweden have found little association between hair colour treatments and SLE in women however (61,64,93,94). Permanent hair dyes were associated with a small increased odds of disease in one study (OR = 1.5, 95% CI: 1.0–2.2) (61); however, the other studies did not confirm this finding.…”

Section: Prevalence Incidence and Risk Factors For Developing Slementioning

confidence: 99%

What can epidemiology tell us about systemic lupus erythematosus?

Simard

Costenbader

2007

International Journal of Clinical Practice

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Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an often-severe autoimmune rheumatic disease most commonly diagnosed in women in their childbearing years. It is thought to develop when genetically predisposed individuals are exposed to one or more environmental triggers. This review outlines the epidemiologic evidence for several putative risk factors including cigarette smoke, hormonal and reproductive factors, environmental silica and infectious exposures, as well as many yet to be identified. We also review the evidence for factors associated with increased disease activity and adverse outcomes in SLE. We review the literature on the epidemiology of SLE, its distribution, potential risk factors for its onset and for adverse outcomes. The information considered in this review was gathered through extensive review of the literature. Online Pubmed literature searches, previous reviews of the epidemiology of SLE and original studies were employed. Epidemiologic studies have helped to identify some of these potential risk factors, including exogenous hormone use, cigarette smoking, infections such as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and crystalline silica exposure, but many more have yet to be studied. These exposures may interact with multiple genetic factors in determining susceptibility to SLE. While epidemiologic research has contributed an enormous amount to our understanding of the disease and its pathogenesis, there are many more avenues of epidemiologic research that deserve to be pursued.

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Section: Prevalence Incidence and Risk Factors For Developing Slementioning

confidence: 99%

What can epidemiology tell us about systemic lupus erythematosus?

Simard

Costenbader

2007

International Journal of Clinical Practice

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“…The association of hair care products (some of them such as permanent hair dyes containing aromatic amines), with the development of SLE was found in some previous studies, 5,6 but further, larger studies have not found evidence of this association. [7][8][9][10] The possible in uence of these products on the clinical course of SLE or CL patients is less well-known, and, since the HDTs use is very common within the population, the knowledge of this possible negative effect may be very important. In this sense, Petri and Allbritton 7 did not nd an association between lupus activity and HDT use in patients who used hair products after being diagnosed as having lupus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3][4] Thus, it has been hypothesized that environmental agents containing hydrazine or aromatic amines, such as phenylenediamine and anisidine, also present in hair products, could be related to the pathogenesis of lupus. 5,6 However, other authors have not con rmed these ndings, [7][8][9][10] and now it is generally accepted that hair products are not a risk factor for SLE development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Hair dye treatment use and clinical course in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and cutaneous lupus

Jiménez-Alonso

Sabio²,

Pérez-Alvarez³

et al. 2002

Lupus

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The etiological role of hair dye treatment (HDT), some of them such as permanent hair dyes containing aromatic amines, in the development of SLE has been previously ruled out. However, the possible influence of HDT use on the course and prognosis of lupus patients has been assessed only in one short-term study. Since HDT is very extensive among the population, the knowledge of this possible negative effect may be very important. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the long-term influence of several HDTs on the course and clinical severity of patients with both systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and cutaneous lupus (CL). In this longitudinal case series study, 91 SLE patients and 22 CL patients were prospectively studied from October 1988 to May 2000. They were divided into three groups: (a) non-HDT users--patients who have never used HDT (n = 65); (b) P-HDT users--HDT permanent type users, alone or in combination with other types of HDT (n = 28); (c) non P-HDT--users of other treatments different from permanent tinting (bleach, lowlights, etc; n = 20). In each patient we determined: (1) number of flares/year in SLE patients and worsening of cutaneous lesions for CL; (2) Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology (SLICC/ACR) damage index; (3) predominant damaged organs/systems according to the HDT use and type of HDT; and (4) subjective impression about the disease evolution in relation to HDT use. No significant differences were found with respect to flares/year and SLICC/ACR damage index between the study groups. Non-HDT group presented more renal involvement and serositis than both HDT-user groups. No patient related the HDT use to the worsening of his disease. Therefore, in this study no evidence of an association between the long-term use of several types of HDT and the clinical activity and course of SLE and CL was found.

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“…Interest in hair dyes and other hair products was based in part on the similarities of some of the constituents of these products (arylamines) to medications involved in drug-induced lupus such as hydralazine and procainamide. Since then, several other case-control studies in a variety of settings have examined this issue [45][46][47][48][49], and no association or a very weak association has been seen (Table 1). In a recent analysis of hair dye use in conjunction with metabolism genes, there was an interaction between N-acetyl transferase (NAT) genotypes and use of hair dyes.…”

Section: Hair Dyesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occupational and environmental exposures as risk factors for systemic lupus erythematosus

Cooper

Parks²

2004

Curr Rheumatol Rep

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Although genetic susceptibility plays a strong role in the etiology of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), recent research has provided new evidence of the potential influence of environmental factors in the risk for this disease. This paper describes epidemiologic and experimental research pertaining to occupational and environmental sources of exposure to respirable crystalline silica, solvents and pesticides, and two "lifestyle" factors (smoking and hair dye use). As has been seen with other systemic autoimmune diseases (eg, systemic sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis), a series of epidemiologic studies, using different designs in different settings, have demonstrated relatively strong and consistent associations between occupational silica exposure and SLE. The type and quality of exposure assessment is an important consideration in evaluating these studies. Recent experimental studies examined the effect of trichloroethylene exposure in MRL+/+ mice, but to date there have been few epidemiologic studies of solvents and SLE. There are numerous avenues with respect to environmental factors in SLE that need additional research.

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Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and hair treatment: a large community based case-control study

Abstract: Hair treatment or duration of hair treatment usage is not significant in the aetiology of SLE. Although patients with SLE were less likely in this study to have highlights than controls, for all other hair treatments no differences were observed.

Cited by 17 publications

References 13 publications

What can epidemiology tell us about systemic lupus erythematosus?

What can epidemiology tell us about systemic lupus erythematosus?

Hair dye treatment use and clinical course in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and cutaneous lupus

Occupational and environmental exposures as risk factors for systemic lupus erythematosus

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