Systemic Racism: Big, Black, Mad and Dangerous in the Criminal Justice System

Walker, Sharon

doi:10.1108/978-1-83909-964-920201004

Cited by 9 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Critically, this relationship held in a non-psychosis population, contrasting Corrigall and Bhugra (2013). This is of note as psychosis is typically cited as accounting for the differential ethnic patterns of detention (Walker, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Ethnic disparity in mental health legislation at the point of inpatient entry: pilot review in detained adolescents with developmental disorders

Morris

Webb²,

Foster-Davies

et al. 2021

JFP

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Purpose Ethical concerns about the use of the Mental Health Act (MHA) have led to calls for developmental disorders to be removed from the list of mental disorders for which individuals can be detained. In parallel, there are long-standing concerns of ethnic disparity in the application of the MHA. Nonetheless, the impact of the intersections of developmental disorder diagnosis, adolescence and ethnicity on the application of the MHA is unknown. This study aims to explore ethnic differences in MHA sections and the factors accounting for this, in an adolescent inpatient developmental disorder service. Design/methodology/approach File reviews were conducted to explore differences in MHA status, as well as demographic, clinical and risk factors that may account for this, between 39 white British and ethnic minority adolescents detained to a specialist inpatient developmental disorder service. Findings Consistent with adult literature, adolescents of an ethnic minority were overrepresented in the sample and were significantly more likely to be detained on Part III or “forensic” sections of the MHA than White British counterparts, with five times greater risk. Analyses revealed no significant differences between ethnic minority and white British participants on demographic variables, clinical needs, risk behaviours, risk measures nor application of restrictive practices and safeguarding procedures. Practical implications National audits exploring patterns of detention under the MHA across adolescent developmental disorder populations need to include analysis of intersections to ensure that the MHA is used as a means of last resort and in an equitable manner. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this paper is the first comprehensive exploration of the impact of ethnicity on detention patterns in ethnic minority and White British populations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Ethnic disparity in mental health legislation at the point of inpatient entry: pilot review in detained adolescents with developmental disorders

Morris

Webb²,

Foster-Davies

et al. 2021

JFP

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Fernando (2017) highlighted the interplay between power employed in the clinical systems of psychiatry and participants heavily referenced the authority that staff and clinicians on the ward had over them and other service users. Participants accounts suggest that the overuse of force and sedative medication may have been used as a way to manage behaviour which may have been perceived as undesirable, negative, or violent by clinicians as referenced by Walker (2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Black men being perceived as dangerous has been a common feature within research. Walker (2020) highlighted the common ideology and stereotype of Black men being perceived as more dangerous within mental health services and how this narrative has further supported the dehumanisation of the Black man, increasing the risk of overuse of force and sedative medication. Providing support for this position, Salla and Danso (2018) showed that service users reported several discriminatory practices, including unnecessary use of force, unjustified suspicion; lack of effort to communicate; overuse of sectioning; more restrictive care; over-reliance on psychotropic medication; and lack of access to evidence based psychological care.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Experiences of Black Men Through the Decision-Making Process in Secure Settings: A Qualitative Study

Mayers,

Gordon

2023

Journal of Black Psychology

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Research has highlighted Black African and African Caribbean individuals within the United Kingdom not being involved in key aspects of decision-making and having more negative experiences of inpatient provisions. The aim of the current study was to explore Black men’s experiences of decision-making processes within mental health inpatient provisions within the United Kingdom, and their perceptions of these services. The study used Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) and semi-structured interviews were conducted with 5 Black men aged 33–40 who had experiences of mental health inpatient provisions within the last 10 years and now been discharged. Eight Group Experiential Themes (GETs) and 9 sub-themes were identified, including: the role of/significance of medication, family involvement in decision-making and compliance with treatment and concordance around treatment. Participants highlighted a lack of involvement in decisions around their care. Inpatient mental health provisions need to support Black men to be involved in shared decision-making and encourage collaborative involvement in decisions.

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“…Suicide prevention programs, treatment providers, and supports for suicide loss survivors are knowledgeable about experiences of racial and historical trauma, the negative impact of these experiences on physical and mental health, including suicidality (Cénat, 2020), and the elevated risk of retraumatization for clients who have had these experiences (SAMHSA, 2012). For instance, due to racism, racial trauma, and the sociopolitical context of police violence against people of color, calling 911 when a client is in crisis can elicit a traumatic stress response for a Black client (Walker, 2020). Organizations should intentionally move away from research and practice that focuses on the experiences of White individuals (Marraccini et al, 2022).…”

Section: Trauma-informed Carementioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating trauma-informed principles into suicide prevention, intervention, and postvention.

Mirick¹,

McCauley²,

Bridger³

2023

Practice Innovations

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There are elevated rates of trauma in individuals with suicidal thoughts and behaviors, and individuals with suicidality or bereaved by suicide have an increased risk of trauma. Due to this relationship between trauma and suicide, there is a consensus from experts that suicide prevention work must be trauma-informed. Currently, there is a dearth of research on trauma-informed programs and interventions for those thinking of suicide or supports for individuals bereaved by suicide, leaving service providers without guidance on trauma-informed practices with suicide, and individuals with co-occurring traumatic stress and suicidal thoughts and behaviors without access to trauma-informed services. This article uses the framework of Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration's trauma-informed principles to provide guidance to organizations on the application of trauma-informed practices in their work in suicide prevention, with individuals experiencing suicidal thoughts and behaviors and with suicide loss survivors. Systemic barriers and concerns are also discussed.

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Systemic Racism: Big, Black, Mad and Dangerous in the Criminal Justice System

Cited by 9 publications

References 15 publications

Ethnic disparity in mental health legislation at the point of inpatient entry: pilot review in detained adolescents with developmental disorders

Ethnic disparity in mental health legislation at the point of inpatient entry: pilot review in detained adolescents with developmental disorders

Exploring the Experiences of Black Men Through the Decision-Making Process in Secure Settings: A Qualitative Study

Integrating trauma-informed principles into suicide prevention, intervention, and postvention.

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