Systemic Sclerosis in Men: Clinical and Immunological Differences

The Effect of Male Sex on Survival in Systemic Sclerosis

“…Some observational studies indicated that males had worse survival rates than females 1,3,15,16,18,20,46,47,48,49,50 , with higher association with malignancy, pulmonary complications, and a shorter survival once SSc had been diagnosed. Other study results report no statistical differences in survival between males and females 51,52,53 . The few studies that report the survival rates and disease manifestations between sexes are summarized in Table 4 and Table 5.…”

Clinical peculiarities of patients with scleroderma exposed to silica: A systematic review of the literature

“…However, in the few published series of SSc in men, this epidemiological data is rarely collected. Consequently, the number of cases of SSc-si may be still underdiagnosed [45][46][47][48][49][50].…”

“…However, males form the majority in the group of patients exposed to silica. Few studies have focused, so far, on studying the subgroup of male patients with SSc, and these have revealed different results in terms of the existence of differentiating clinical features [45][46][47][48][49][50]. None of them took into account the possible influence of toxic exposure.…”

Systemic scleroderma in Greece: low mortality and strong linkage with HLA-DRB1*1104 allele

“…31-34 Two explanations can be offered for these discrepancies: ( a ) an increased prevalence of scleroderma among women occurs with time, therefore environmental pressures predisposing to disease should be carefully evaluated; ( b ) the designs of the studies differ greatly. Indeed, hospital based surveys,12 descriptive analysis of patients referred to tertiary care centres,32or analysis of consecutive patients examined in a single hospital33 34 are characteristic examples of the different patient selection strategies used.…”